Nephritic and Nephrotic
Both of these conditions cause what 3 things?
Massive proteinuria, edema, and hypertension
What is azotemia and what condition is it associated with?
Excess nitrogenous waste in the urine (Creatinine), Nephritic Syndrome
This condition causes fluid-filled cysts on the kidneys and causes nephron damage.
Polycystic Kidney Disease
With hemodialysis, what should be assessed over the fistula/shunt?
Thrill and bruit
True or false: A kidney infection is called pyelonephritis
True
True or false: Both of these syndromes require a low sodium diet.
True
What is uremia and what condition is it associated with?
Excess uric acid in the urine, Nephritic Syndrome
Hematuria, HTN, renal calculi, UTIs, proteinuria, and flank pain are all symptoms associated with what condition.
Polycystic Kidney Disease
What is the difference between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis?
Hemodialysis - into the blood
Peritoneal - through the peritoneum (belly)
What are treatments for someone with pyelonephritis?
Drink lots of water, antibiotics, urinate frequently
Identify whether BUN/Cr and GFR are high or low with each condition.
BUN/Cr high, GFR low
What is uremic fetor and what condition is it associated with?
Bad smell, CKD
What medication is Polycystic Kidney Disease managed with?
Tolvaptan
True or false: People with UTIs should be on a fluid restriction.
False
This condition is characterized by painless hematuria, changes in urinating habits, and pelvic/back pain.
Bladder cancer
Strep A is a precursor to which condition?
Nephritic Syndrome
What is asterixis and what condition is it associated with?
What condition manifests as high BUN/Cr, oliguria, hematuria, high sodium, low GFR, anemia, and is managed with Kayexalate?
Acute Kidney Injury
What are the 3 steps of peritoneal dialysis and what does it mean if the drainage is cloudy?
Instill, dwell, drain, and it may be peritonitis
What condition, associated with BPH, is characterized by hyponatremia, hypervolemia, tachycardia, and hypotension?
Transurethral resection syndrome
What is a hallmark feature of nephrotic syndrome?
Hypercoagulable state (risk for thrombosis)
What is papilledema and what condition is it associated with?
Swelling around the optic nerve, Chronic Glomerulonephritis
Decribe pre-renal. intra-renal, and post-renal kidney injuries.
Pre-renal - impaired renal blood flow
Intra-renal - damage to glomeruli or tubules
Post-renal - obstruction
What condition is characterized by burning with urination, urinary frequency and urgency, nocturia, and suprapubic pain?
UTI
What are the 4 kinds of kidney stones and what foods should be avoided?
Calcium oxalate - processed meats, chocolate, beans
Uric acid - organ meats, seafood
Struvite - foods high in protein
Cystine - high sodium, red meats