A&P
Functional unit of the kidney that filters blood and forms urine
What is a nephron
This contrast agent used in imaging studies can cause acute kidney injury, especially in patients with pre-existing renal impairment.
What is iodinated contrast?
This endocrine disorder is the leading cause of CKD in the United States.
What is Diabetes mellitus?
This phase of AKI is marked by decreased urine output and fluid retention.
What is the oliguric phase?
This lab value measures the amount of nitrogen in the blood from the waste product urea.
What is BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)?
A rough fibrous outer layer that protects the kidney
What is the Renal Capsule?
This chemotherapy drug requires close renal monitoring due to its nephrotoxic effects.
What is cisplatin or methotrexate or cyclophosphamide?
This stage of CKD is defined by a GFR of 60–89 mL/min with mild kidney damage.
What is stage 2 CKD?
This type of AKI is caused by reduced blood flow to the kidneys.
What is prerenal AKI?
This lab value is a more specific indicator of kidney function and rises when filtration is impaired.
What is serum creatinine?
Outer region where the blood filtration begins-contains glomeruli & tubules
What is the renal cortex ?
Diuretics can increase the risk of this acid-base imbalance due to loss of bicarbonate.
What is metabolic acidosis?
This medication is used to treat anemia in CKD by stimulating red blood cell production.
What is erythropoietin (epoetin alfa)?
This condition, often caused by nephrotoxic drugs, leads to direct damage to kidney tissue.
What is intrinsic or intrarenal AKI?
A GFR below this number indicates Stage 3 CKD.
What is 60 mL/min?
A U-shaped part of the nephron that concentrates urine by reabsorbing water and salts.
What is the loop of Henle?
This common over-the-counter pain reliever can be nephrotoxic when used excessively.
What is Ibuprofen?
This symptom results from the buildup of nitrogenous waste in the blood due to CKD.
What is uremia?
This type of dialysis may be initiated in severe AKI when conservative management fails.
What is hemodialysis?
This test measures long-term blood glucose control and is important in CKD management.
What is Hemaglobin A1C or HbA1C?
The inner region organized into renal pyramids concentrates urine
What is the Renal Medulla?
This class of antibiotics, including gentamicin and tobramycin, is known for its nephrotoxic potential.
What is aminoglycosides?
This lifestyle change is essential to slow CKD progression in patients with diabetes.
What is blood glucose control?
During the oliguric phase, this electrolyte often rises and can cause cardiac issues
What is potassium?
This acid-base imbalance is common in CKD due to decreased excretion of hydrogen ions.
What is metabolic Acidosis?