1st 25 slides
regulation of ph., osmolality, glucose, ions ,blood pressure and blood volume.
excretes waste and foreign substances
releases erythropoietin and calcitriol
what are the functions of the kidneys?
GFR per min per kidney
105-125 ML/per min
what is secreted from the intercalated cells in the late distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct?
H+ ions - variable in amount to maintain acid base homeostasis through H+ pump.
the intercalated cells in the late distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct?
urea variable depending on recycling from loop of Henle
hco3-variable depending on h+ secretion through antiporters
7.35 -7.45
35-45 mmhg
22-26 men/l
normal PH
normal paco2
normal hco3-
my renal corporal lies in the cortex but my loop of hence is in the medulla
judextomedullary nephrons
what does the endothelial fenestration stop
what does the basal lamina stop
what does the slit membrane stop?
what is first and last ?
cells and platelets
large plasma proteins
medium size proteins not small ones
endothelial fenestrated 1st/ basal lamina 2nd /slit membrane is 3rd
principal cells in late distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct?
k+ variable amount to adjust for dietary intake through leakage channel.
principal cells in late distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct?
water 5-9% through aqua purines that are inserted with the presence of ADH
na+ 1-4% through sodium pump
urea variable recycling of loop of Henle
paco2 down
ph up
what method
seesaw method
4-5 in
2-3 in
1 in
how long wide and thick are the kidneys
what is the NFP formula
NFP=GHP-(chp+bcop)
proximal convoluted tubule
H+ variable antiporter
nh4 variable increases in acidosis antiporters
urea variable diffusion
creatinine small amounts
proximal convoluted tubule
water 65% osmosis
na+65% sodium pump symporter antiporter
k+65% diffusion
glucose- 100% (symporters and facilitated diffusion)
amino acids - 100%( symporters and facilitated diffusion)
cl-50% DIFFUSION
hco3-80-90% (facilitated diffusion)
urea 50% (diffusion)
ca & mg variable (diffusion)
ph normal
compensating factor abnormal
fully compensating
I have simple squamous tissue
I have simple cuboidal with brush border with microvilli
I have simple cuboidal composed of principal cells and intercalated cells that have microvilli
I have simple cuboidal but could also have low columnar
descending limb of the loop of Henle
PCT
DCT
ascending limb of the loop of Henle
when will GFR stop what MMHG
MMHG will cause filtration to stop
loop of Henle
urea variable based on the recycling of the urea from cd
loop of Henle
water 15% osmosis in descending limb
na+ 20-30% symporters in ascending limb
k+20-30% symporters in ascending limb
cl- 35% symporters in ascending limb
hco3-10-20% facilitated diffusion
ca&mg variable diffusion
what are the causes for respiratory alkalosis
anxiety
oxygen deficiency at high altitude or with pulmonary disease
pain
what is the blood flow ?
what is the filtrate through the nephron?
FLOW OF URINE ?renal artery/segmental artery/interlobar artery/arcuate artery/ interlobular or cortical radiate artery/ afferent arteriole/ glomerular capillary/ efferent arteriole/ peritubular capillaries or Vasa recta capillaries/ interlobular or cortical radiate veins/ arcuate veins/ interlobar veins/ segmental veins( which varies)/ renal veins
bowman's capsule/ PCT/ DLOH/ALOH/DCT/CD
cd/minor calyx/major caclyx/renal pelvis/ ureter/ urinary bladder/ urethra
what happens if your GFR is to high ?
what happens if your GFR is to low ?
If your GFR is to high the good substances that need to be reabsorbed may not due to the fast movement of the fluid through the tubes.
if your GFR is to low your waste products might not be removed from the body
what does the renal corporal secrete ?
trick question it only filtrates ions glucose amino acids all solutes from blood other than proteins creatinine and uric acid
distal convoluted tubule
water 10-15% osmosis
na+ 5% symporters
cl- 5% symporters
ca- variable stimulated by parathyroid hormones
ph 7.14
paco2 50mmhg
hco3 22 mEq/L
respiratory acidosis
uncompensated because ph is low and hco3- is normal