AKI
Define AKI
rapid decline in renal function with decreasing GFR.
Define CKI.
progressive loss of function of kidneys.
this finding is typically found in the ABG of a renal injury patient.
metabolic acidosis.
We must assess this closely to determine presence of fluid overload.
strict I&O.
name the three types of dialysis.
hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, continuous rental replacement therapy.
ischemia.
other causes: medications, heavy metals, major surgery, sepsis, severe pneumonia.
who are the only people who do not need cross matching for kidney transplant?
identical twins.
these are tiny tube shaped particles found in the urine during renal injury.
cell casts.
limit protein to 0.6 g/kg of weight per day. proteins rich in amino acids. increase carb intake. parental nutrition as needed.
fistula
what is a functioning GFR rate?
90-120
below 15 requires dialysis.
this medication in a low dose can improve renal blood flow.
dopamine
what is a normal urine specific gravity level?
1.005-1.030
what respiratory finding can be expected in a patient with severe fluid overload?
crackles of the lungs.
hemodialysis filters the blood using a dialyzer and two IVs. Hemodialysis uses the peritoneal cavity to filter blood and excrete waste through a catheter.
what are the three manifestation stages of AKI?
patients with CKD are at risk for bleeding because of these two altered items.
lack of erythropoietin and platelets.
this type of test is used to determine presence of obstruction in AKI.
IV retrograde. Antegrade pyelography.
what other organ can be affected due to altered potassium levels due to kidney injury?
the heart. works of potassium and heart is a muscle.
hypotension, hemorrhage, infection.
name the three categories used for the pathophysiology of AKI.
Prerenal, intrinsic, and post-renal.
this decreased lab value alters parathyroid hormone secretion and causes weakness to this body structure.
(two part question)
hypocalcemia, bones.
when these two labs go up.. the third goes down.
Creatine and BUN go up while GFR decreases.
these medications can be used together to decrease serum potassium levels.
calcium chloride, bicarbonate, and insulin with glucose.
what are the three most common veins used for fistula placement?
subclavian, jugular, or femoral vein.