Nephrolithiasis
What is nephrolithiasis?
the condition of having kidney stones, which are hard mineral and salt deposits.
What is polycystic kidney disease?
genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys.
What is acute glomerulonephritis?
an inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys that can affect kidney function.
What is nephrotic syndrome?
damage to glomeruli. massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema.
R/F: Stress, Smoking, Sun, Sickness/Illness. Amyloidosis, DM, SLE. 2-5y/o
What is acute pyelonephritis?
Inflammation manifested by infection. E. Coli most common. Upper UTI from lower UTI
What are common symptoms of kidney stones?
severe pain in the back or side, blood in urine, frequent urination, and nausea.
What are the common clinical manifestations of PKD?
hypertension, hematuria, UTI and abdominal or flank pain.
What are the key diagnostic findings in a patient with acute glomerulonephritis?
hematuria, proteinuria, and elevated serum creatinine levels.
What are the common symptoms of nephrotic syndrome?
Edema, particularly around the eyes and in the legs, and frothy urine. Loss of appetite, hyperlipidemia, tachycardia, weak/fatigue.
What are the manifestions of Acute Pyelonephritis?
Fever/chills
Flank pain
Dysuria, frequency, urgency
N/V
CVA pain
What dietary factors can contribute to kidney stones?
high oxalate foods, excessive sodium, dehydration, and low calcium intake.
How is PKD diagnosed?
through ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI.
Client education for acute glomerulonephritis
Symptoms come on quickly and needs tx to slow progression.
Improvement:
-diuresis
-decrease edema
-decrease BP
-decrease weight
-improved labs
How is nephrotic syndrome diagnosed?
Labs: low albumin, increase lipids, increase BUN/Creatinine, low sodium, low GFR. U/A and 24 Urine. Renal biopsy, renal U/S
What labs/diagnostics are done to determine acute pyelonephritis?
U/A
Urine and C+S
CT scan
Ultrasound
What is the management for a kidney stone?
hydration, pain management, and possibly lithotripsy.
What are the treatment options for PKD?
blood pressure control, pain management, and possibly kidney transplant
What is the management for acute glomerulonephritis?
ABT-treat STREP
Antihypertensives
Diuretics
Tx for elevated Potassium may be needed for Metabolic Acidosis - sodium bicarb
What management strategies are important for nephrotic syndrome?
corticosteroids, diuretics, anticoagulants, ACE inhibitors and dietary adjustments
What medication would be prescribed for acute pyelonephritis?
Anitibiotics: Cipro, levofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, Rocephin
NSAIDS
Antipyretics
What imaging/tests is typically used to diagnose kidney stones?
non-contrast CT, ultrasound, KUB, Urinalysis, stone analysis, Labs, IV Pyelogram.
What is the genetic implication of PKD?
usually involves mutations in the PKD1 or PKD2 genes.
What are the expected labs in acute glomerulonephritis?
increased creatinine, BUN, Positive Strep antibodies, and positive urinalysis findings. CBC shows elevated WBC
What is the role of dietary restrictions in nephrotic syndrome?
include low sodium and protein moderation to manage symptoms.
Client education for acute pyelonephritis
Follow up urine culture
Understanding s/s relapse
Take full course of ABT
Increase fluids