CKD and AKI
To be diagnosed with CKD, a patient must show a decrease in GFR for at least this long.
> 3 months
Patients with CKD should avoid high-potassium foods like bananas, raisins, and this leafy green.
Spinach
This lab value is considered the best indication of overall renal function.
Creatinine
While not common, these are the two primary risk factors for renal cancer.
Smoking & Obesity
This is the final stage of CKD, often requiring dialysis or a transplant.
ESRD or ESKD
These are the three primary comorbidities that increase a patient’s risk for developing CKD.
DM, HTN, & CVD
This specific acid-base imbalance is a common complication of kidney failure.
Metabolic Acidosis
If a patient’s Potassium (K) level is elevated, a nurse should prepare to administer this potassium binding medication.
Lokelma
This is the most common "painless" symptom of renal cancer found in urine.
Blood (Hematuria)- may not be visible
The kidneys’ inability to excrete water leads to the retention of these two specific electrolytes
K (Potassium) & Na (Sodium)
Coronary heart disease and this inflammation of the kidney filters are significant CKD risk factors.
Chronic glomerulonephritis
In addition to potassium and sodium, patients with renal failure must strictly limit this mineral.
Phosphorus
A therapeutic goal for Erythropoietin (EPO) therapy is to increase this specific blood count.
Hbg
This is the surgical term for the removal of a kidney, which is the preferred treatment for renal cancer.
Nephrectomy
flank pain, hematuria, nausea
Name a cause of post renal AKI
Kidney stone, tumor, pregnancy, BPH, blood clots
Severe dehydration leads to low urine volume and a high concentration of minerals; this process is the most common cause of Nephrolithiasis, otherwise known as this.
Kidney stones
Synthetic hormones like epoetin alfa treat anemia by stimulating this part of the body.
Bone marrow
In addition to blood in the urine, a patient with renal cancer may present with a mass in this area.
The Flank.
A normal, strong buzzing or vibration felt under the skin, indicating healthy, high-speed blood flow used for hemodialysis.
Name 3 intrarenal causes of AKI
CT contrast
NSAIDs
Antibiotics
Infection
Lupus
In patients with AV fistulas it is important to remember not to do these two functions on the patients' arms
Blood draws and blood pressures
a creatinine of greater than this number is considered abnormal
> 1.3 ml/dl
Unlike a Foley catheter which enters through the urethra, this device is surgically inserted through the abdominal wall directly into the bladder.
Suprapubic catheter
This term, a name for high levels of urea in the blood, should be monitored in patients receiving dialysis
uremia