CLASS-ified
This class of diuretics generally has longer lasting effects by acting on the distal renal tubule to inhibit sodium reabsorption.
What are thiazide diuretics?
These two diseases are the leading causes of chronic renal disease.
What are diabetes and hypertension?
This x-ray can give you basic information regarding size, shape and position of the renal system. It may also show renal stones in the kidneys or ureters.
What is a KUB (Kidney-Ureter-Bladder) x-ray?
Patients experiencing chronic kidney disease may need adjustments to these in their medication regimen.
What is dosage and frequency?
This electrolyte can become dangerously elevated as renal injury progresses and is the most commonly disrupted electrolyte in kidney disease.
What is potassium?
This class of diuretic inhibits sodium reabsorption in the ascending Loop of Henle.
What are loop diuretics?
This diagnosis should be considered for a patient presenting to clinic with hematuria and acute onset of flank pain.
What is Nephrolithiasis?
You would order a CT abdomen/pelvis without contrast to evaluate for this renal disorder.
What is a kidney stone?
You can help lower a patient's urine microalbumin level by relieving pressure inside the nephrons with this class of medication.
What are ACEs and ARBs?
These lab tests are the most accurate in determining stages of chronic kidney disease.
What are creatinine, GFR and BUN?
This class of diuretic is considered weaker and can be used in combination with thiazide diuretics to reduce potassium loss.
What are Potassium Sparing Diuretics?
This diagnosis should be considered for a patient presenting to the clinic with hematuria, dysuria, fever and flank pain.
What is pyelonephritis?
You would order a CT Urogram with and without contrast for these renal disorders.
What is a bladder or renal mass?
Loss of erythropoietin production by the kidneys leads to this disease that can have significant impact on a patient’s quality of life.
What is anemia of chronic kidney disease?
Increased movement of blood through the kidneys caused by excess amounts of this nutrient can lead to increased pressure on the nephrons which promote loss of filtering ability and causes renal damage.
What is glucose?
While this class of medications can reduce pain and inflammation, assessing for renal dysfunction is recommended, especially as renal insufficiency increases with chronic use.
What are NSAIDs?
Patients with this surgical history are at increased risk for significant systemic infection due to long term use of immunosuppressants.
What is a renal transplant?
You would order a CT abdomen and pelvis with contrast for this acute urinary finding found during a urinalysis without other cause or if it persists after treatment of an underlying cause.
What is hematuria?
Your primary care patient experiencing post-renal acute kidney injury is suffering from this.
What is urinary obstruction? Can be caused by stones, masses, BPH, incomplete bladder emptying, injury/trauma, etc.
A patient will most likely become symptomatic from CKD when their GFR is around this level. (Response must fall within the range to be correct).
What is 20-30 ml/min/1.73m2?
These medication classes are reno-protective for individuals with proteinuria but offer less protection in absence of proteinuria so should not be ordered only to prevent renal issues. They should be considered first line for treating hypertension in the diabetic patient.
What are ACEs and ARBs?
You would consider this renal related differential for a child presenting to your office for recurrent urinary tract infections.
What is vesicoureteral reflux?
You would withhold this medication for 48 hours after ordering CT contrast on a patient due to the risk of acute renal injury.
What is metformin?
The severity of chronic kidney disease is determined by these two tests.
What are urine albumin:creatinine ratio and estimated GFR?
The kidney's inability to remove excess fluid from the body leads to this complication.
What is hyponatremia?