AKI
This urine output, less than about 400 mL in 24 hours, indicates more severe acute kidney injury.
What is oliguria?
Hematuria, RBC casts, hypertension, edema, and reduced GFR describe this glomerular syndrome.
What is nephritic syndrome?
This disorder primarily affects the renal tubules and interstitium while relatively sparing the glomeruli.
What is tubulointerstitial disease?
Kidney damage or reduced GFR must persist for at least this long to meet the definition of CKD.
What is 3 months?
About two-thirds of total body water is found in this compartment.
What is intracellular fluid?
Peaked T waves and progressive QRS widening are ECG findings of this electrolyte emergency.
What is hyperkalemia?
A fractional excretion of sodium below 1% most strongly supports this category of AKI.
What is prerenal AKI?
Proteinuria greater than 3.5 g/day, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia define this syndrome.
What is nephrotic syndrome?
Beta-lactams, sulfonamides, NSAIDs, PPIs, and some diuretics are common triggers of this intrinsic renal disorder.
What is acute interstitial nephritis?
Diabetes and hypertension or vascular disease account for more than this approximate percentage of CKD.
What is 70%?
This plasma protein is the major contributor to capillary oncotic pressure.
What is albumin?
This IV medication is given first to stabilize the cardiac membrane in severe hyperkalemia with ECG changes.
What is calcium gluconate?
These pigmented granular casts are classically associated with acute tubular necrosis.
What are muddy brown granular casts?
This childhood nephrotic disease shows normal light microscopy but podocyte foot-process effacement on electron microscopy.
What is minimal change disease?
Fever, rash, and arthralgia form the classic but uncommon triad of this disorder.
What is acute interstitial nephritis?
An eGFR below 15 mL/min/1.73 m² is classified as this CKD stage.
What is stage G5, or kidney failure?
Water moves out of cells when the extracellular fluid becomes this type of solution.
What is hypertonic?
Insulin with dextrose lowers serum potassium by moving potassium in this direction.
What is into the cells?
Volume resuscitation, stopping nephrotoxins, and restoring perfusion are the main initial goals for this type of AKI.
What is prerenal AKI?
Hematuria occurring within days of an upper respiratory infection is most characteristic of this disease, also called Berger disease.
What is IgA nephropathy?
Ischemia and nephrotoxin exposure are the two major causes of this common intrinsic AKI.
What is acute tubular necrosis?
Reduced erythropoietin production in CKD most commonly causes this type of anemia.
What is normocytic, normochromic anemia?
Low serum sodium with inappropriately concentrated urine and euvolemia is characteristic of this syndrome.
What is SIADH?
QT prolongation, tetany, paresthesias, and muscle cramps suggest this electrolyte disorder.
What is hypocalcemia?
This mnemonic summarizes urgent dialysis indications: acidosis, electrolytes, intoxications, overload, and uremia.
What is AEIOU?
Pulmonary hemorrhage plus rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis caused by anti-GBM antibodies indicates this syndrome.
What is Goodpasture syndrome?
Muscle breakdown releases myoglobin, which can cause this form of tubular injury.
What is pigment-induced acute tubular necrosis?
Hyperphosphatemia and low active vitamin D lead to hypocalcemia and this endocrine complication of CKD.
What is secondary hyperparathyroidism?
Overly rapid correction of chronic hyponatremia can cause this serious neurologic complication.
What is osmotic demyelination syndrome?
This medication class is the treatment of choice for hypercalcemia of malignancy, although full effect may take 48–72 hours.
What are bisphosphonates?