Renal
What is nephrolithiasis?
Formation of stones in the kidney
What is erythropoietin?
A hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production
What is a TIA?
Transient Ischemic Attack
Temporary neurological dysfunction from brief interruption in blood flow to the brain
Typically no permanent damage
What is an ischemic stroke?
Blockage of a cerebral artery causes by a thrombus or embolus
The volume of filtrate formed by both kidneys per minute
What is Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
What does urine specific gravity measure?
Concentration of particles in urine; abnormally low specific gravity can indicate diminished ability to concentrate urine
What should urine look like in an patient who post-TURP who is undergoing continuous bladder irrigation?
Red to pink for the first day or two post-op
What is a CVA?
Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)
Interruption in blood flow to the brain that causes cell death
How do you identify symptoms of a stroke?
F.A.S.T.
F - Facial drooping
A - Arm weakness
S - Speech difficulty
T - Time to call 911
This complication of stroke causes difficulty speaking or understanding language
What is aphasia?
Analgesics, antibiotics, tamsulosin to enhance stone passing
Lithotripsy; physical breakup of stones
Stenting to dilate the ureter and allow stones to pass through enlarged opening
What is a potential complication of peritoneal dialysis and its symptoms?
Peritonitis
Abdominal pain
Abdominal distention
Cloudy peritoneal fluid during peritoneal dialysis
Fever
What are some risk factors for stroke?
Genetics
Smoking
Obesity
Hypertension
Diabetes
Hyperlipidemia
Before administering tPA in an ischemic stroke, this diagnostic test result must be verified
CT scan with contrast showing no hemorrhage
This tool is used to assess a patient's level of consciousness based on eye, verbal, and motor response
What is the Glasgow Coma Scale?
What are complications of an untreated UTI?
Pyelonephritis
Urosepsis
What is the purpose of continuous bladder irrigation?
Allows drainage of urine and inflow of a bladder irrigation solution. Its purpose is to prevent blood clots and debris from obstructing urine flow after procedures such as a TURP
What is epilepsy?
Chronic disorder defined by at least two unprovoked seizures occurring at least 24 hours apart
What is status epilepticus?
Seizure lasting more than five minutes OR two or more sequential seizures without full recovery of consciousness between seizures
This medication may be administered within 4.5 hours of symptom onset to dissolve a clot in ischemic stroke
What is alteplase (tPA)?
What dietary changes can someone with recurrent nephrolithiasis make to help prevent further episodes?
Avoid oxalate sources (spinach, black tea, rhubarb)
Decrease sodium intake
Increase fluids
What are symptoms of prostate cancer?
Similar to BPH
Difficulty initiating stream
Nocturia
Urinary retention
Polyuria
List interventions to prevent seizures
Adhere to medication therapy
Avoid alcohol
Avoid excessive fatigue
Do not take OTC drugs without consulting with physician
What is the major difference in treatment when comparing ischemic stroke to hemorrhagic stroke?
In ischemic stroke fibrinolytic therapy is used, in hemorrhagic stroke it is contraindicated
Beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and/or hydralazine are often used in hemorrhagic stroke
The abnormal transient discharges of neurons within the brain that are sudden, excessive, and uncontrolled
What is a seizure?