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Anatomy and Physiology
Functions of the Kidney
Assessment of Renal Patient
Acute Renal Failure
Glomerular Disease
100
Functional unit of Kidney that helps remove waste products
What is the nephron
100
Excretes end products of protein metabolism: urea, uric acid, etc
What is excretory function
100
Amount of filtrate per unit in the nephrons
What is Glomular Filtration Rate (GFR)
100
Abrupt decline in renal function sufficient to result in retention of nitrogenous wastes
What is acute renal failure
100

Inflammation of the capillary loops of the glomeruli

What is glomerulonephritis

200
Part of nephron which encircles tuft of capillaries known as glomerulus
What is Bowman's capsule
200
Maintain homeostatic balance with respect to fluids, electrolytes, and organic solutes.
What is Regulatory function
200
GFR of > 125 ml/minute
What is normal GFR
200
Renal Failure from underperfusion as with shock, cardiac failure, dehydration, etc.
What is Prerenal ARF
200
Primary manifestation of these disease is hematuria
What is nephritic syndrome
300
Spherical mass of capillaries surronded by a membrane
What is Bowman's Capsule
300
Renin-angiotensin mechanism to control blood pressure
What is metabolic function
300
Weight at normal hydration minus extraneous fluids
What is dry weight
300
Diseases within the renal parenchyma or damage as with crushing injuries, toxins, multisystem organ failure, etc.
What is Intrarenal ARF
300
Diseases that the common manifestations derive from a loss of glomerular barrier to protein
What is Nephrotic syndrome
400
The minimum urinary volume capable of elimating a relatively fixed 600 mOsm of solute
What is 500 ml/day
400

Maintenance of calcium-phosphorus homeostasis involving complex interactions of parathyroid hormone

What is metabolic functions

400
Evaluation of renal structure
What is ultrasound, X-ray, CT scan
400
Results from obstruction to flow or urine as with calculi, stricture, tumors.
What is Postrenal ARF
400
Patients treated with low-sodium diets, diuretics, and statins to lower hyperlipidemia
What is Nephrotic syndrome
500
Control of water excretion is regulated by small peptide hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary
What is vasopressin
500

Where 25 hydroxycholecalciferol is converted to active form

What is kidney

500
Catabolic product of creatine phospate used to diagnose impaired renal function
What is Creatinine
500
Fluid recommendations for the ARF patient
What is output from previous day plus 500 ml
500
Microvascular complication; end products of glycosylation may contribute to thickening of glomerular membrane
What is Diabetic renal disease