Fluid & e-lytes Managment
This fluid compartment contains two-thirds of the body's total body water.
What is the intracellular fluid compartment?
This condition involves an abnormal connection of the kidneys, resulting in them being joined at the lower end.
What is a horseshoe kidney?
A significant increase in this lab value, from 0.8 mg/dL to 1.4 mg/dL, indicates a 50% drop in nephron function.
What is serum creatinine (SCr)?
This common symptom, involving the waking up at night to void, can be considered normal if it occurs 2 or fewer times per night.
What is nocturia?
A 35-year-old woman p/w a history of severe vomiting for the past 3 days. Exam reveals dry mucous membranes and tachycardia. Labs: pH 7.52, HCO3- 32 mEq/L, PaCO2 48 mmHg.
What is metabolic alkalosis?
This method is the most commonly used to calculate maintenance fluid rates in pediatric patients.
4-2-1 rule (Holliday-Segar method)
This congenital abnormality involves a malfunction in the development of the kidney, often resulting in a smaller size and reduced function.
What is kidney dysplasia?
This urine test is used to differentiate between pre-renal and intra-renal causes of AKI, with values less than 1% indicating pre-renal causes.
What is fractional excretion of sodium (FeNa)?
This term describes the involuntary leakage of urine due to a sudden increase in intra-abdominal pressure
What is stress urinary incontinence?
A 60-year-old man with a history of COPD p/w SOB and confusion. RR 10BPM and O2 sat is 88% on room air. ABG: pH 7.25, PaCO2 60 mmHg, HCO3- 32 mEq/L.
What is respiratory acidosis?
This type of fluid expands the extracellular fluid compartment
What are crystalloid fluids?
This genetic disorder is the most common inherited kidney disorder and can lead to progressive kidney damage.
What is autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)?
This condition, characterized by fever, rash, eosinophilia, and eosinophiluria, is often caused by drugs like NSAIDs and antibiotics.
What is acute interstitial nephritis (AIN)?
This condition, affecting 12-17% of Americans and Europeans, is characterized by urgency with or without urinary incontinence, usually accompanied by frequency and nocturia.
What is overactive bladder (OAB)?
A 22-year-old woman with a history of type 1 DM p/w being found unconscious. Labs: glucose of 550 mg/dL, pH 7.15, PaCO2 24 mmHg, HCO3- 10 mEq/L.
What is metabolic acidosis or diabetic ketoacidosis?
This is released in response to increased serum sodium and osmolality, stimulating thirst and water retention.
What is antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
This rare congenital malformation involves a complete failure of the urethral folds to fuse on the dorsal surface, often associated with bladder exstrophy and urinary incontinence.
What is epispadias?
This condition, which can lead to AKI, is characterized by a rapid breakdown of muscle tissue, releasing myoglobin into the bloodstream, and is often identified by elevated creatine kinase levels and dark-colored urine.
What is rhabdomyolysis?
This diagnostic test measures the volume of urine remaining in the bladder after voiding, helping to evaluate bladder emptying efficiency.
What is post-void residual (PVR) volume?
A 45-year-old woman p/w anxiety and tingling in her fingers. RR 30 BPM. ABG: pH 7.55, PaCO2 25 mmHg, HCO3- 21 mEq/L.
What is respiratory alkalosis?
This laboratory finding, elevated in hypovolemic patients, indicates increased absorption in the proximal tubule.
What is uric acid?
This condition, presenting as a significant cause of urinary tract obstruction in newborn males, can result in a distended bladder and hydronephrosis.
What is posterior urethral valve (PUV)?
This clinical syndrome, marked by granular and renal tubular casts, is a common cause of AKI and is typically associated with ischemia, toxins, or sepsis.
What is acute tubular necrosis (ATN)?
This medication class, used to treat overactive bladder, works by reducing detrusor muscle contractions.
What are antimuscarinic agents?
A 50-year-old man with CKD p/w fatigue and confusion. Labs: pH 7.32, PaCO2 40 mmHg, HCO3- 18 mEq/L.
What is metabolic acidosis?