Urinary Retention
The inability to void despite an urge to void; incomplete bladder emptying. Can be caused by physical obstruction of the urethra from an acute or chronic cause. What am I?
Urinary Retention
Involuntary loss of urine from the bladder caused by UTI, lack of sphincter control, sudden abdominal pressure changes like coughing, sneezing, laughing, etc. is called what?
Urinary Incontinence
What is of paramount importance for urinary incontinence?
Skin care
Dysfunction of the bladder caused by a CNS or PNS lesion where the lesion interferes with normal nerve conduction to the urinary bladder, loss of voluntary voiding control occurs, and results in urinary retention or incontinence is called
what is a Neurogenic bladder
Where do UTI's occur?
Anywhere in urinary tract
Acute urinary retention can be caused by Anesthesia, and Local trauma to urinary structures.
Chronic urinary retention can be caused by enlarged prostate, strictures, and tumors.
What can cause either type of urinary retention?
Medications
What is a major reason for the institutionalization of older adults?
frequent urinary incontinence
What other medical management can be taken for urinary incontinence other than skin care (name 3/6)
1. treat underlying cause 2. surgical repair of bladder 3. temporary or permanent catheter 4. Bladder habit training 5. Kegel exercises 6. Medications
What are the 2 types of neurogenic bladder called?
what are Automatic/ spastic and Atonic/flaccid
Causes of UTI's include:
(list 3)
Nosocomial (hospital acquired) infection, bladder obstruction, insufficient bladder emptying, decreased bactericidal secretions of the prostate, perineal soiling in females, sexual intercourse
clinical manifestations of urinary retention include...
1. Distended bladder 2. discomfort in pelvic region 3. voiding frequent, small amounts
List at least 3 medical management/nursing interventions of urinary retention
hydration (3,000ml/day), warm shower/sitz bath, natural voiding position, urinary catheter, surgical removal of obstruction, analgesics, anti-spasmodics
What type of medications are used for urge incontinence?
Anticholinergics such as oxybutynin and phenazopyridine
Medical management for neurogenic bladder consists of these 3 things:
Self-catheterization, bladder training with self stimulation, and urecholine (medication that stimulates bladder contractility)
feeling of "fullness" not relieved by urination, urgency, frequency, incontinence, dysuria/ painful urination, bladder cramping/spasms, Nocturia, voiding in small amounts, abdominal discomfort, perineal or back pain, dark, cloudy and/or blood tinged urine with foul odor, and confusion are all symptoms of what?
UTI's
What amount of residual volume indicates need for treatment following a bladder scan?
100-200ml's
if patient has urinary retention, when continence is established, pt should be asked to void to see if bladder is emptying properly. if residual urine is greater than ______ml, pt still needs a foley.
100
What type of medications are used for Stress incontinence?
Tricyclic antidepressants such as imipramine
Spinal cord is completely transected above sacral ligaments resulting is loss of urge to void and reflexive urination (violent and involuntary) occurs describes what kind of neurogenic bladder?
Automatic/ spastic
urinary analgesics such as Pyridium, meticulous catheter care, wearing cotton underwear, having pt void at first urge and before and after intercourse, and wiping front to back are all _______ ____________ of UTI's.
Medical management or nursing interventions
If retention can lead to reflux and cause kidney damage and toxins to build up, urinary stasis can lead to __________, which is sometimes the first thing that leads someone to get treatment.
What is Infection?
clinical manifestations of urinary incontinence include urge (when a pt cannot hold urine when stimulus to void occurs), Stress (when pressure causes incontinence), and ____________ (when pt. cannot physically get to bathroom or is not aware of the stimulus to void)
Functional/overflow
Increasing voluntary control over voiding by developing the perineal muscles through Kegel exercises or habit training (establishing a void schedule) is called
Bladder training
Sensory nerves from bladder to spinal cord are destroyed resulting in infrequent voiding, incontinence, bladder over distention, increase in residual urine, and non-reflexive bladder (no release of urine) describes what kind of neurogenic bladder?
Atonic/ Flaccid
this med treats UTI's caused by gram-negative microbes
Quinolones/ nalidixic acid