Renal Labs
1. A GFR =15-29ml/min
1. What is a patient with end stage 4 chronic kidney disease
The nomenclature change from kidney "failure" to "injury" reflects this understanding
What is the continuum of change in renal function, even with a minimal decline in kidney function there is associated poorer outcomes.
Released by the kidneys to stimulate bone marrow to produce red blood cells
It's deficiency causes Anemia?
What is erythropoietin?
Careful history taking, chart review, and physical examination
What are the fundamental tenets of the workup for kidney disease?
Fever, chills, tachycardia, flank pain, tender costal vertebral angle, abdominal pain, nausea vomiting, general malaise, burning with urination, nocturia
What is Acute Pyelonephritis?
Measurement of creatinine clearance measured?
What is 24 hour urine sample?
AKI, formerly referred to as acute renal failure, occurs in what percent of hospitalized patients and in what percent of ICU patients?
What is 5%-10% in hositalized patients and as many as 60% of patients in the ICUs
Antibiotics, NSAIDS, ACEIs, ARBs chemotherapy agents,
What are nephrotoxic substances?
Decreased kidney perfusion due to any number of causes (hypovolemia, reduced cardiac output, massive vomitting or diarrhea, vasodilation in sepsis) can lead to this type of AKI
What are prerenal causes of AKI?
Pain management, straining or urine, hydration, activity, monitoring BUN and creatinine, & dietary restrictions?
What are nursing interventions for the patient with urolithiasis?
This lab measures the amount of nitrogenous urea, a byproduct of protein metabolism in the liver.
An elevation does not always mean that renal disease is present.
What is blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level?
Staging of kidney disease is based on these two factors
What is urine output and serum creatinine?
Low protein, low sodium, low potassium, low phosphate diet
What is the appropriate diet for a client with stage 4 chronic kidney disease?
Renal artery stenosis, thrombotic microangiopathies, acute interstitial nephritis, glomerulonephritis, rhabdomyolysis, malignant hypertension are considered to cause what type of AKI?
What are intrarenal causes?
A slow, progressive, irreversible loss in kidney function, with a GFR less than or equal to 60mL/min for three months or longer; occurs in stages and results in uremia or end-stage renal disease.
What is chronic renal failure (CRF)?
This is an endogenous waste product of skeletal muscle that is filtered at the glomerulus and excreted with urine
What is Creatinine?
Although some management strategies can be universally applied others are disease specific. Therefore, when AKI is recognized, a critical first step is
What is prompt evaluation for the cause of AKI, with special attention to reversible causes
are all treatment of this inflammatory kidney disease.
What is Glomerulonephritis?
The widespread use of antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors puts hospitalized patients at higher risk for this.
What is acute interstitial nephritis
This is the rapid loss of kidney function from renal cell damage; occurs abruptly and can be reversible.
What is acute renal failure (ARF)?
When BOTH of these labs are elevated and the ratio between them stay the same kidney dysfunction is likely
What is serum creatinine and BUN?
These are kidney disease classification systems
What are KDIGO and RIFLE?
Massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, lipiduria, hyperlipidemia, increased coagulation, renal insufficiency
What is Nephrotic Syndrome?
The most common adverse effect of hemodialysis
What is hypotension & hypokalemia?
The gold-standard marker for acute or chronic kidney disease, although it represents only one of many affected functions.
What is aGFR ?