Places/History
Which city-state was in the best location to benefit from trade-based cultural exchange with the Islamic civilization just across the Mediterranean?
-Florence
-Milan
-Venice
-Papal States
Florence
Which scientist was responsible for the heliocentric model of the universe?
a. Galileo Galilei
b. Isaac Newton
c. René Descartes
d. Nicolaus Copernicus
d. Nicolaus Copernicus
What economic and cultural changes did printing presses bring to the European cities that had them?
a. They allowed new ideas to spread across Europe reaching much wider segments of society.
b. They developed entire new classes of educated citizens who were exposed to new ideas previously inaccessible to all but a few elite and dedicated scholars.
c. The cities became culturally isolated centers of learning with depressed economies from lack of trade, attracting only few among the small and elite educated classes.
d. The cities attracted more migrants, became more culturally dynamic, and grew economically.
The cities attracted more migrants, became more culturally dynamic, and grew economically.
Which of the following describes a historically significant shift between the Renaissance and medieval methods of thought?
a. shift to humanism instead of religious studies
b. renewed focus on spirituality over secular doctrine
c. less emphasis on classical scholarship in favor of new methods of inquiry
d. focus on the divine as inspiration for creativity and intellectual pursuits
a. shift to humanism instead of religious studies
What general conclusion did Isaac Newton’s observation of gravity have on the way we understand the universe?
a. The law of gravity is the force that explains why the sun is at the center of the solar system.
b. The law of gravity is one of several natural forces that explains and governs the motion of the planets and stars.
c. The laws of physics use gravity to help illustrate and model a form of higher mathematics called calculus, in part developed by Newton.
d. Gravity was the missing link that was needed to link astronomy, physics, and mathematics.
b. The law of gravity is one of several natural forces that explains and governs the motion of the planets and stars.
Which example corresponds to the main idea of the passage?
Many northern Europeans faced a great deal of uncertainty in their lives. As in Renaissance Italy, most people were poor and life could be violent. Fixed medieval economies were giving way to more uncertain urban, market-based economies, and wealth was distributed unequally. Renaissance humanist ideas found fertile ground in this uncertain society. Spread by the printing press, humanist ideas such as a return to classical education and an emphasis on social reform quickly took root. Many people looked for ways to shape a society that made more sense to them. Increasingly, they used humanist ideas to question a central force in their lives—the Church.
a. John Calvin teaches predestination and establishes a theocracy.
b. Martin Luther’s protests split the Church into Protestantism and Catholicism.
c. The Catholic Church sells indulgences and uses funds to build lavish churches.
d. The Peasants’ Revolt calls for an end to medieval serfdom.
b. Martin Luther’s protests split the Church into Protestantism and Catholicism.
Michaelangelo is probably most famous for painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. What can we infer from this fact?
The Church introduced new artistic styles such as realism and perspective.
b. The Church supported Renaissance artists by hiring them to beautify churches.
c. The Church dictated the themes and styles of Renaissance artists.
d. The Church insisted all Renaissance art blend religious and classical themes.
b. The Church supported Renaissance artists by hiring them to beautify churches.
What core Renaissance themes best summarize and express the characteristics of Shakespeare’s work explained in the passage?
Shakespeare’s genius was in expressing universal themes in everyday, realistic settings. His work explores Renaissance ideals such as the complexity of the individual and the importance of the classics. At the same time, his characters speak in language that common people can understand and appreciate. Shakespeare’s love of words also vastly enriched the English language. More than 1,700 words appeared for the first time in his works.
a. theocracy and classicism
b. inquiry and investigation
c. spirituality and faith
d. humanism and secularism
d. humanism and secularism
Which of the following features would fall under the category of "Renaissance Art?"
a. mythological and spiritual themes
b. realistic depictions of human forms
c. stylized depictions of human forms
d. flat dimensions and lack of perspective
b. realistic depictions of human forms
What action by Queen Elizabeth supports the main idea of the quotation?
“I never had any meaning or intent that (my) subjects should be troubled or molested [harassed] by examination or inquisition in any matter either of their faith or for that matters of ceremonies, as long as they shall in their outward conversation show themselves quiet and not manifestly repugnant to the laws of the realm.”—Queen Elizabeth
a. breaking ties with the Catholic Church so she could divorce and produce a male heir
b. compromising by incorporating both Protestant and Catholic aspects into the Church of England
c. establishing the Church of England as a predominantly Calvinist religious institution
d. establishing the Church of England as a predominantly Catholic religious institution
b. compromising by incorporating both Protestant and Catholic aspects into the Church of England
What aspect of the paintings by Northern European artist Pieter Bruegel differs from the work of Italian Renaissance painters?
a. It stresses the Protestant work ethic.
b. It focuses on the realities of peasant life.
c. It features anatomical expressionism.
d. It lacks depth and perspective.
b. It focuses on the realities of peasant life.
Which word or phrase out of this list is MOST closely associated with John Calvin?
A- Protestantism
B-Rejection of Papal Authority
C- Diet of Worms
D- Predestination
D- Predestination
How did the Catholic Church respond to the Protestant Reformation?
a. It erupted into turmoil, resulting in greater religious conflict including the persecution of witches and the split of the Church of England.
b. It enacted its own reforms, attempting to end corruption with a renewed emphasis on morality and discipline.
c. It compromised by embracing the Calvinist ideas of predestination, going so far as to institute theocratic communities.
d. The Inquisition established pious new religious orders including the Jesuits and an order of nuns led by Teresa of Avila.
b. It enacted its own reforms, attempting to end corruption with a renewed emphasis on morality and discipline.
How did the Catholic Church respond to the Protestant Reformation?
a. It erupted into turmoil, resulting in greater religious conflict including the persecution of witches and the split of the Church of England.
b. It enacted its own reforms, attempting to end corruption with a renewed emphasis on morality and discipline.
c. It compromised by embracing the Calvinist ideas of predestination, going so far as to institute theocratic communities.
d. The Inquisition established pious new religious orders including the Jesuits and an order of nuns led by Teresa of Avila.
b. It enacted its own reforms, attempting to end corruption with a renewed emphasis on morality and discipline.
What was the eventual result of the scientific contributions of René Descartes and Francis Bacon?
a. A new, step-by-step scientific method resulted, based on inquiry, experimentation, and observation.
b. A new body of science called chemistry was established, which proposed that all matter is composed of tiny particles.
c. Mathematics was applied to the movement of planets, in which laws of gravity were observed and established.
d. The geocentric view of the universe was discarded despite Church pressure in favor of the heliocentric model.
a. A new, step-by-step scientific method resulted, based on inquiry, experimentation, and observation.
In an illustration on your test, Dutch Calvinists destroy Catholic religious images. Which best explains why scenes like that were common during the Reformation?
Protestants rejected papal rule and rebelled against Renaissance art.
b. Protestant theology banned the worshiping of saints.
c. Roman Catholics persecuted Protestants, so acts of reprisal increased.
d. Religious extremism and intolerance rose as Christianity splintered.
d. Religious extremism and intolerance rose as Christianity splintered.
The order given by King Henry VIII read "Proceed to the dissolution and the defacing". Which of the following answer choices are most likely correct? (you will have an image on the exam).
a. King Henry VIII ordered the closure of Catholic convents and monasteries in England and seized their wealth.
b. King Henry VIII disbanded the Church of England after uniting with the Roman Catholic Church.
c. King Henry VIII restored calm after a period of religious turmoil in England by applying aspects of Catholicism and Protestantism to the Church of England.
d. King Henry VII ordered that England return to the Catholic Church, and ordered the persecution of many Protestant followers and clergy.
a. King Henry VIII ordered the closure of Catholic convents and monasteries in England and seized their wealth.
Which answer provides accurate historical context for the following quotations?
“27. There is no divine authority for preaching that the soul flies out of the purgatory immediately the money clinks in the bottom of the chest.
28. It is certainly possible that when the money clinks in the bottom of the chest avarice [extreme greed] and greed increase; but when the church offers intercession [intervention], all depends in the will of God.”
—Martin Luther, 95 Theses
a. Protestantism maintained that governments should be run by qualified religious leaders, however, Rome should play no role.
b. Protestantism preached the idea of predestination, arguing that those who gain salvation had been determined by God long ago.
c. Protestantism rejected papal authority, especially relating to what was regarded as the corrupt selling of indulgences.
d. Protestantism denied the Roman Catholic concept of purgatory, rejecting any role for church officials in a person’s fate after death.
c. Protestantism rejected papal authority, especially relating to what was regarded as the corrupt selling of indulgences.
Leonardo da Vinci is often referred to as a true “Renaissance Man.” Why has he come to symbolize the spirit of the era?
a. His paintings, the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper are superlative examples of expressionism and perspective, and are the most famous of the era.
b. His scientific works showed a level of genius that was confirmed by his prediction of technologies that would not exist for centuries.
c. He excelled at everything he did, bringing him in line with the heroic intellectual stature of the ancient Greek gods who helped inspire the Renaissance.
d. His interests and body of work spanned many subjects, media, and disciplines, reflecting the quest for knowledge and the spirit of creative adventure that embodied the Renaissance era.
d. His interests and body of work spanned many subjects, media, and disciplines, reflecting the quest for knowledge and the spirit of creative adventure that embodied the Renaissance era.
How does the quotation connect to the Renaissance principle of humanism?
“Gold, silver, jewels, purple garments, houses built of marble, groomed estates, pious paintings, caparisoned steeds [decorated horses], and other things of this kind offer a mutable [changeable] and superficial pleasure; books give delight to the very marrow of one’s bones. They speak to us, consult with us, and join with us in a living and intense intimacy.”—Petrarch
a. It rejects worldly and superficial objects associated with wealth and decadence.
b. It acknowledges a spiritual and divine connection with the pursuit of knowledge.
c. It affirms our humanity by associating personal fulfillment with learning.
d. It embraces the glory and splendor of the classical intellectual golden age.
c. It affirms our humanity by associating personal fulfillment with learning.
What central idea that Erasmus strived to achieve is implicit in this quotation?
“Only a very few can be learned, but all can be Christian, all can be devout, and—I shall boldly add—all can be theologians.”—Erasmus
a. to promote the benefits of the printing revolution
b. to form theocratic societies based on a simpler version of Christianity
c. to make religion more accessible by translating the Bible into the vernacular
d. to form a Protestant Church that is free from the corrupt dictates of papal rule
c. to make religion more accessible by translating the Bible into the vernacular
DAILY DOUBLE:
The Renaissance and Reformation wouldn't have been possible without the invention of WHAT?