DNA Replication
What is the site where DNA replication starts
What is transcription?
Making a copy of RNA from DNA
What is translation?
Making protein from RNA
Who discovered that DNA was a helix using xrays?
Rosalind Franklin
What does a nucleotide consist of?
One sugar, one phosphate, one organic base (A,T,C,G)
Describe the structure of DNA
double helix, backbone of deoxyribose and sugar, 4 nitrogen bases
Where does transcription occur?
in the nucleus
Where does translation occur?
cytoplasm
What happens if a mutation occurs in a germ line cell?
The offspring will also have the mutation.
Which nucleotides are purines?
Adenine and guanine
What is the job of helicase and ligase?
helicase undwinds DNA
Ligase seals the gaps
What is the function of mRNA?
make a copy of RNA from a DNA strand
Which organelle helps make protein during translation?
ribosome
____________________ turn genes off and ________________ turn genes on.
Repressor; activator
Which nitrogen bases are pyrimidines?
cytosine and thymine
Leading strand is replicated continuously, the lagging strand is done in segments and then later sealed together.
What are codons?
triplet pairs of nitrogen bases found on mRNA
What is the function of tRNA?
to bring the anticodon to the codon on mRNA and bring amino acids to form proteins
Coding regions on mRNA are called _______________ and non coding regions are called _______________.
exon; introns
How are nitrogen bases held together in DNA?
By weak hydrogen bonds
What is Chargaff's rule?
A always binds to T and C always binds to G
If the DNA strand reads ATCG, what is the sequence found on RNA?
UAGC
Describe the structure of protein
When a mutation occurs that changes how codons are read a _______________ mutation has occurred.
frame shift
If the parental strand of DNA has the sequence TCG, what is the sequence on the new daughter strand?