PRONOUNS & TENSES
TIME & PLACE CHANGES
CONTINUOUS & FUTURE 'WILL'
SPECIAL RULES & EXCEPTIONS
100

Direct: "I am happy." (Maya)

Maya said that she was happy.

100

Direct: "I am busy now." (Liam)

Liam said that he was busy then.

100

"I will buy an ice cream." (Lucas)

Lucas said that he would buy an ice cream.

100

Direct: "The sun rises in the east." (The teacher said...)

The teacher said that the sun rises in the east. (Fact / Always true = No tense change!)

200

Direct: "My brother plays soccer." (Leo)

Leo said that his brother played soccer.

200

Direct: "We are studying here." (The girls)

The girls said that they were studying there.

200

Direct: "My mother is cooking dinner." (Julia)

Julia said that her mother was cooking dinner.

200

Direct: "I am hungry." (Tom says...)

Tom says that he is hungry. (Reporting verb 'says' = No tense change!)

300

"We like our English class." (The students)

The students said that they liked their English class.

300

Direct: "I will call you today." (Camila)

Camila said that she would call me that day.


300

Direct: "We are listening to music today." (The children)

The children said that they were listening to music that day.

300

Direct: "Water freezes at 0 degrees." (The scientist said...)

The scientist said that water freezes at 0 degrees. (Scientific fact = No tense change!)

400

Direct: "Our cousins live in London." (Sofia and Ben)

Sofia and Ben said that their cousins live in London.

400

Direct: "We will finish the test tomorrow." (The boys)

The boys said that they would finish the test the next day.

400

"I am making a comic book right now." (Oliver)

Oliver said that he was making a comic book right then.

400

Direct: "Dogs have four legs." (Noa said...)

Noa said that dogs have four legs. (General truth = No tense change!)