Macromolecules
This macromolecule class includes sugars, starches, and cellulose, and it serves as a primary source of quick energy for cells.
What are carbohydrates?
The products of mitosis are ____ cells with an ________ amount of chromosomes as the original cell.
What is 2 and identical?
Meiosis produces gametes (sperm and egg cells) and results in this many genetically unique daughter cells.
What is four?
A marine biologist studies a population of starfish damaged by boat propellers. Each severed arm regenerates into a complete, functioning adult. Determine the type of reproduction and state if this would be an advantage or disadvantage.
Asexual reproduction; advantage
The phase of Interphase where DNA replication happens.
What is S phase?
This macromolecule class is made of amino acids linked by peptide bonds and performs most cellular functions, including catalyzing reactions as enzymes.
What are proteins?
A cell with 10 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many daughter cells are created? Each daughter cell has ___ chromosomes.
What is 2, 10
Meiosis halves the chromosome number, going from this many chromosomes in a human body cell to 23 in a gamete.
What is 46?
Consider a hypothetical deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystem where individuals of a specific shrimp species are incredibly scarce and spaced miles apart. If a sudden volcanic event destroys half the population, what type of reproduction would be best to rebuild the population? Justify your answer(Include 2)
Asexual reproduction because it is faster and does not require a partner.
The two phases of the Cell Cycle.
What are Interphase and (M)Mitotic phase? Some books may include Cytokinesis.
This macromolecule class includes fats, oils, and phospholipids; it is hydrophobic, stores long-term energy, and makes up the core of the cell membrane bilayer.
What are lipids?
What is anaphase?
This process occurs during prophase I, when homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange segments of DNA, creating genetic variation.
What is crossing-over?
A commercial banana farm relies entirely on cloning (asexual) to produce uniform fruit. A nearby wild banana population reproduces sexually. If a devastating root fungus sweeps through the region, this is the contrasting long-term prediction for the commercial crop versus the wild population and explain why.
The cloned banana population will decrease in population because they lack genetic variation.
The longest phase of the Cell Cycle.
What is Interphase?
These macromolecules—DNA and RNA—are made of nucleotide monomers and are responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information.
What are nucleic acids?
What is cytokinesis?
This is the main difference between meiosis I and mitosis: meiosis I separates these paired chromosomes, while mitosis separates sister chromatids.
What are homologous pairs?
A population of wild wildflowers experiences a severe, unexpected winter freeze. While many plants die, a small percentage survive due to a thicker leaf cuticle trait inherited via genetic recombination. What type of reproduction led to the survival? Support your claim with evidence from the question.
Sexual reproduction because the small percentage that survived inherited thicker leaf via genetic recombination which only occurs during sexual reproduction.
The three phases of Interphase and the stages of Mitosis.
What are G1, G2, and S phase? What are Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase?
These proteins speed up chemical reactions in the body by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur.
What are enzymes?
These are the stages of mitosis in order.
What are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase?
This term describes the failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis, which can result in gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes (e.g., trisomy 21).
What is nondisjunction?
An agricultural scientist notes that a crop species engineered by cloning maintains identical, premium-quality fruit traits across three generations in a controlled greenhouse. What is the genetic reasoning and what type of reproduction is responsible?
Asexual reproduction; Cloning is an example of asexual reproduction because it creates identical offspring.
The period when the cell is growing, producing more organelles, replicating DNA, and preparing for cell division. The cell stays in G1 for 11 hours, S phase for 7 hours, G2 for 3 hours and M phase for about 1 hour.
What is the Cell Cycle?