Reproductive Strategies

Asexual Repro.

100

What cell process is used in asexual reproduction

Mitosis

200

List two benefits of asexual reproduction 

any of:

faster process than sexual repro., uses less energy than sexual repro., offspring can remain attached to parents until conditions are favourable 

300

List a consequence of asexual reproduction

any of:

all offspring are identical (no variation), lower adaptability to changing environments

Sexual Repro.

100

What cell process is used in sexual reproduction

Meiosis

200

List two benefits of sexual reproduction

Any of:

Genetic diversity, reduces competition, repair of damaged chromosomes, allows population to adapt

300

List a consequence of sexual reproduction

any of:

can be harmful to highly adapted organisms, takes time and energy, fewer offspring produced

Reproductive Strategies

100

List two of the reproductive strategies discussed in class

any of:

Binary fission, conjugation, budding, vegetative repro., fragmentation, parthenogenesis, spores

200

Describe fragmentation

A new plant develops from a cutting of a parent plant

300

Describe binary fission OR conjugation

BF: occurs in bacteria, exponential population growth, all offspring are identical

C: Exchange of DNA in bacteria using a pilus that connects the two cells

*No new cells are produced

400

Describe budding OR vegetative reproduction

B: a smaller version of the organism grows on the parent before falling off and becoming independent 

VR: New plants develop from underground runners

500

Describe parthenogenesis and spores

P: new individual develops from an unfertilized egg
e.g., bees

S: genetic material is contained inside a spore that is protected by an outer wall
wall opens when conditions are favourable
Allows for dispersal
can be asexually or sexually produced

Alternation of Generations

100

What are the two phases in the alternation of generations and their ploidy

Sporophyte generation (2n) and gametophyte generation (n) 

200

What does a sporophyte produce? What process is used?

Produces a haploid spore via meiosis

300

What does a gametophyte produce? What process is used?

Gametes through mitosis

400

Explain how gametophytes are produced

The 2n sporophyte will produce n spores via meiosis. The spores will then develop into gametophytes via mitosis. 

500

What is the dominant generation in higher plants? 

Sporophyte generation (2n)

Alternation of Sexual/Asexual

100

What is an advantage of using both asexual and sexual cycles?

The organisms gain the advantages of both sexual and asexual reproduction  

200

Does fertilization occur in organisms that alternate sexual cycles?

Yes

300

What type of asexual reproduction do these organisms use

budding

400

Name a phylum that goes through the alternation of sexual and asexual reproduction 

Phylum Cndaria 

500

What are the names of the two forms that this life cycle consist of?

Medusa: free-swimming

Polyp: Non-motile or sessile