Chapters 1 & 2
With such an emphasis on time testing in school for reading assessment, what are children likely to do?
Read for speed and not comprehension
What does NRP stand for?
National Reading Panel Report
What does WJPE-R substest stand for?
Woodcock Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery-R
What is the key factor used to determine reading level?
Fluency
Slower reading can be a result of what? (Multiple factors)
Greater reflection, concern for accurate performance, and insufficient or contradictory background knowledge
What are the three schools of thought developed about “oral reading”?
- A means to an ultimate end
- A detriment to the ultimate end
- It is not a tool, but an art form that was necessary to learn
What are the four fluency assessment variables?
- WPM: words per minute
- WCPM: words correct per minute
- WPMmis: words per minute w/ miscues
- WPMtext: words per minute for the entire text
Fluency is dependent upon skill in what area to decode words?
In using phonics
Children who think reading well is reading fast experience what?
Reduced level of understanding
What is the difference between effective and efficient reading?
- Effective reading: self-correcting, substituting words that make sense, pausing to think in order to create meaning
- Efficient reading: not self-correcting when understanding has taken place, omitting words that are unnecessary to creating meaning, predicting based on background knowledge and linguistic knowledge
What type of reader produces miscues that do not change the meaning of the text?
Experienced readers
What does DIBELS stand for?
Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills
T or F: All kids who are highly fluent readers are all great decoders.
False
DIBELS includes what six assessments?
Letter Naming Fluency, Initial Sound Fluency, Phoneme Segmentation Fluency, Nonsense Word Fluency, Oral Reading Fluency and REtell Fluency, and Word Use Fluency
What does eye movement research indicate about miscues?
Miscues are not caused by poor decoding, lack of sight words, visually skipping words, or careless, rushed or sloppy reading
What are the three major theories of the reading process?
Transmission, interactive, transactional
Comprehension is what?
A fluid process, a transaction
In order to receive federal funding, what five components must be included in reading instruction, according to the NRP Report?
Phonemic awareness, phonics, vocabulary, fluency, and comprehension
What does DORF stand for?
DIBELS Oral Reading Fluency
What are two crucial components of effective reading?
Comprehending and comprehension
What are the 5 perspectives?
Recoding perspective, Automaticity perspective, Integrative perspective, Interactive perspective, Transactive perspective
What is comprehending?
“Comprehending is the process of constructing meaning during reading…”
Which group of students demonstrated a deeper level of understanding while reading: the phonics-based group or the literature-based group?
Literature- based students
What is the authors' advice at the end of the chapter regarding DIBELS?
“Caution teachers, testers, and parents against accepting any single measure of reading performance, especially DIBELS, as a valid representation of a child’s reading proficiency”
What are the three ways to teach that the authors suggest at the end of the book?
Meaning centered approach
Provide flexible grouping that attends to individual profiles of readers
Variety in reading tasks