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Scientific Method
Varieties of Research
Evaluation of Research
Experimental Research
Extra Extra
100
True or False: Research and science are used interchangeably.
True: Although used interchangeably, their meanings have different connotations. Science is a philosophy of events and research is what scientist do as they practice science.
100
True or False: Descriptive research is research used when investigators examine data already on file before the formulation of a research question.
False. In descriptive research it is used to observe group differences, developmental trends or relationships that can be measured by the researcher by providing empirical picture of what was observed at one time or over a period of time. Does not lead to formulation of cause and effect relationships.
100
Name 2 types of validity issues in research design a. internal and extrinsic b. internal and external c. cause and effect d. history effect and overall matching
B. internal and external validity Internal validity- the degree to which data in a study reflects a true cause-effect relationship. External validity- what settings, populations, treatment variables, and measurement variables that the treatment can be generalized to.
100
What do experiments test for? a. cause-effect relationships b. construct validity c. p values d. variables
a. cause-effect relationships Experiments test for "if-then" relationships. For example, "if" a person who stutters is put into a highly stressful situation, "then" will he or she stutter more?
100
What does NESPA stand for a. National Examination of Science Problems of Aging b. National Exposure of Speech Pathology Assistants c. National Examination of Speech Pathology and Audiology d. Never Eat Spotted Potatoes
C. National Examination of Speech Pathology
200
The goals of science are to a. describe natural events b. understand and explain natural phenomena c. control natural phenomena d. all of the above
D. all of the above
200
Research used to measure the behavior of 2 or more types of subjects at one point in time to draw conclusions about the similarities or differences between them a. descriptive research b. comparative research c. developmental research
B. comparative research The purpose of comparative research is to measure the similarities and differences of groups of people with defined characteristics. This type of research is also known as standard-group comparisons.
200
All of the following are threats to internal validity except: a. instrumentation b. history c. maturation d. using an ordinal scale
D. using an Ordinal Scale Instrumentation, history, statistical regression, maturation, attrition, testing, and subject selection biases can all have a negative effect on internal validity.
200
An experimental design involving one or a few subjects and focusing on individual performance would be called a: a. case study design b. ex post facto design c. single-subject design
c. Single-Subject Design Single-subject designs are experimental and may involve one or a few subjects.
200
What type of research would be used for a detailed study of clients, situations, and cultural groups when experimentation is not ideal or possible? a. correlational research b. comparative research c. experimental research d. ethnographic research
D. Ethnographic Research In speech-language pathology, ethnographic research is advantageous for detailed study of clients, situations, and cultural groups when experimentation is not ideal or possible. Disadvantages of this type of research is time consuming, expensive, lack of objectivity and difficult to quantify.
300
A theory is a a. proposed answer to a specific question b. systematic body of information concerning a phenomenon. c. result of a systematic observation d. variable related to another variable
B. systematic body of information concerning a phenomenon.
300
Research that examines causation through observation of the consequent effects of manipulation of certain characteristics under controlled conditions a. experimental research b. applied research c. case study research d. survey research
C. Experimental research The goal of experimental research is to establish cause-effect relationships between variables, the goal of descriptive research is to describe phenomena.
300
The Hawthrone Effect is a threat to: a. external validity b. internal validity c. external and internal validity d. every other kind of validity
A. External Validity The Hawthorne Effect, a threat to external validity, refers to the affect a participant's knowledge that they are taking part in an experiment has on the results.
300
A type of research involving the effect of independent variables that have occurred in the past and the investigator is making a retrospective search for causes of events is called: a. single subject design research b. ex post facto research c. historical research
B. Ex post facto research
300
Concurrent validity a. is the degree to which test scores are consistent with theoretical constructs or concepts b. the accuracy with which a test predicts future performance on related task. c. a measure of test validity based on a systematic examination of all test items to determine if they adequately sample the full range d. is the degree to which a new test correlates with an established test of known validity.
D. is the degree to which a new test correlates with an established test of known validity. Ex. Expressive Vocabulary Test: 2 might be correlated with the Expressive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised to demonstrate the concurrent validity of the new test.
400
Reliability means that a test or measure: a. measures what it purports to measure b. has scores that are consistent across repeated testing or measurement. c. has items that adequately sample the full range of skill being tested. d. correlates well with an established test of known validity.
B. has scores that are consistent across repeated testing or measurement.
400
True or False: developmental research used to measure changes in behavior or characteristics of people over time, usually to examine the influence of maturation of age.
A. True Developmental research is to measure changes in subjects over time as they mature or get older.
400
Statistics refers to: a. measure calculated from a sample b. field of study involved with the art and science of data analysis c. dispersion of a set of data d. the central tendency
B. a field of study involved with the art and science data analysis.
400
All of the following are examples of single-subject designs except: a. ABA Designs b. ABAB Designs C. Multiple-Baseline Designs D. Aerodynamic Designs
D. Aerodynamic Designs
400
What type of study would be used: to find out how many children admitted to a children's hospital in the past five years had a swallowing disorder. a. survey research b. ex post facto (retrospective) research c. experimental research d. descriptive research
C. ex post facto (retrospective) research The investigator would examine the case histories of children admitted and the number of children in whom a swallowing disorder was diagnosed. Ex post facto research, where the investigator begins with the effect of independent variables that have occurred in the past. It is the after-the-fact research.
500
Name the artist of this song "I stay out too late....can never keep a date...but that's what people saaaaay ummhmmm" a. Miley Cirus b. Katy Perry c. Bianca Boston d. Taylor Swift
D. Taylor Swift
500
Where is the ASHA convention being held at this year? a. Miami, FL b. Orlando, FL c. Las Vegas, NV d. Los Angles, CA
B. Orlando, FL
500
Who is the artist of this song, "I woke up like this.....flawless" a. Beyonce b. Leah Diggs c. Rhianna d. Katy Perry
a. Beyonce
500
Who's ready to graduate from this great program and become a fabulous Speech-Language Pathologist? a. Me b. You c. ALL OF THE ABOVE
C. All of the above!!!!
500
Who is the Dean of Graduate Studies? a. Dr. Fredrick Barnes b. Dr. Cecila Jefferies c. Dr. Regina Lemmon d. Dr. Fredrick Evans
D. Dr. Fredrick Evans