Fundamentals
Describe what the term, "filling the gap" refers to in research?
This refers to conducting research in areas where there is limited or no information present on a given topic.
Instructor to Confirm
Identify the components of the interactive model for designing or planning a qualitative study?
The Interactive Model: Goals, Conceptual Framework, Research Questions, Methods, & Validity.
Compare and contrast a categorical and a continuous variable?
A categorical variable is one in which things can be placed or organized based on categories. A continuous variable is one in which things can be placed or organized based on a numerical value.
A subject at risk refers to an individual that may be harmed due to a study either mentally or physically.
This type of research is conducted to improve upon existing knowledge, for the sake of wanting to gather new knowledge.
Refers to the gathering of individuals in any manner other than through randomization.
What does the term triangulation refer to, when controlling threats to validity in qualitative research?
Triangulation refers to the use of gathering information through more than one means: (i.e. interviews + documentation) or (interviews and observations).
When should a researcher use or develop a non-directional hypothesis for his/her research study?
When the existing research on the topic isn't sufficient enough to predict what the potential outcome would be.
This type of research is a form of qualitative research. Here, the emphasis is placed on documenting or portraying the everyday experiences of individuals in their own natural setting.
Ethnographic Research
What two things must we consider as researchers before we utilize deception into a research study?
1. Provide a Justification 2. Is there an alternative that can be used.
This type of qualitative approach involves studying the life experiences of an individual and associating those experiences with a historical time period.
Narrative Analysis
Utilizing the dry erase board, identify the experimental notation for a non-equivalent control group.
Instructor to Confirm
Identify the three "categories" in which an IRB (Institutional Review Board), will place proposed research studies.
"Exempt Review", "Expedited Review ", "Full Review"
Statement of the Problem, Formulating the Hypothesis, Planning the Methods, Gathering the Data, Analyzing & Interpreting the Data
What two forms/types of approval are needed before children can participate in a research study?
This approach to qualitative research involves a researcher generating a theory regarding why something happens.
Stratified Sampling Technique
Identify four groups of individuals that are considered to be "special populations" in research?
Prisoners, Cognitively Challenged, Pregnant Women/Fetuses, Homeless, Illegal Immigrants, Low Socioeconomic Status
Compare and contrast the inductive and deductive method or reasoning used in research.
The inductive method refers to the generation of a theory for why something happens. The deductive method refers to the testing of a theory regarding why something happens.
What was the primary outcome of the nuremberg code of 1947?
The Nuremberg code established that voluntary consent of the research participant is absolutely essential.
Describe at least three out of the four types of purposive sampling methods we've talked about as it relates to qualitative research.
Typical Sampling, Snowball Sampling, Critical Sampling, Homogenous Sampling
What do the terms "internal validity" and "external validity" mean as it relates to experimental research studies?
Internal Validity: Are the results of the study due to the independent variable, or something else? External Validity: Can the results of my study be applied to other individuals/other settings.
Why were the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment and the Stanford Prison Experiment considered to be unethical studies?
Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment: The form of treatment (penicillin) was not provided to those infected with syphilis. Stanford Prison Experiment: Some prisoners held beyond their will; subjected to mental harm.