Theorist
defined nursing as “the act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery"
Florence Nightingale
An idea that we take for granted; presumed to be true
Assumption
A 56-year-old patient diagnosed with a heart attack makes inappropriate sexual comments to the LPN/LVN. The LPN/LVN is visibly upset. The RN assigned to the patient informs the patient that the behavior is unacceptable and will not be tolerated. Is the RN demonstrating holistic nursing or mechanistic nursing? ____________________
Mechanist nursing
(focused on getting the task done)
A nurse researcher is designing a research project. After identifying and stating the problem, the nurse researcher clarifies the purpose of the study. Which step in the research process does the researcher complete next?
1. Perform a literature review.
2. Develop a conceptual framework.
3. Formulate the hypothesis.
4. Define the study variables.
1. Perform a literature review.
(clarify the purpose of the study--> lit review to find out what is already known about the problem)
In preparation for a study, the nurse will develop a method for participants’ identification to maintain privacy and confidentiality. Which method is best for the researcher to use for participant identification?
Use a number or code for each participant.
highlighted humanistic aspects of nursing as they intertwine with scientific knowledge and nursing practice
Jean Watson
The parent of a child who is participating in a research study using high-dose steroids wishes to withdraw the child from the study. Despite reassurance that adverse reactions to steroids in children are uncommon, they still want to withdraw. Which right is being exercise?
The unit committee in the intensive care unit is designing a research study to see whether the spiritual needs of patients are being met. The study will involve patient interviews after discharge. After the interview process, the staff will examine patient statements for recurring themes. The unit committee is conducting ____________________ research.
Qualitative research
The nurse is planning to initiate a research project that involves adult patients as participants. The nurse accepts moral and legal responsibility to protect research participants from physical or emotional harm. Which mechanism will the nurse utilize for participant protection?
1. The research facility Board of Directors
2. The research facility Board of Medical Advisors
3. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the research facility
4. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
3. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the research facility
Why are student nurses not likely to participate/perform nursing research?
Lack of knowledge of nursing research
focused on individual needs of the patient (14 to be specific)
Virginia Henderson
A patient experiences pain after undergoing surgery. The nurse forms a mental image of pain based on the nurse’s own experiences with pain. Which term describes this mental image?
1. Phenomenon
2. Concept
3. Assumption
4. Paradigm
2. Concept
(A concept is a mental image of a phenomenon, an aspect of reality that you can observe and experience)
The nurse is providing care to a patient who is nauseous, vomiting, experiencing abdominal pain, and has no bowel sounds. The nurse concludes the patient’s symptoms may be associated with a paralytic ileus. Which type of thinking is the nurse using to arrive at this conclusion?
Inductive reasoning
(specific-->general)
The PICO question reads, “Is transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) effective in the management of chronic low-back pain in adults?” Which part of this question comes from the “I” in PICO?
1. Adults
2. Management
3. Pain
4. TENS
4. TENS
What information must be included for consent to be informed?
Must include: what is expected, the info needs provided in writing, and the person has to sign written consent
the nurse is considered part of the patient’s environment and the nurse-patient relationship is for meeting goals towards good health
Imogene King
A paradigm involves a __________ perspective of our world view.
Broader perspective
(the worldview or ideology of a discipline=how we see things)
A client brought to the Emergency Room is complaining of numbness to the lower extremities after a motor vehicle accident (MVA). Neurological deficits are note in the lower extremities only. MRI shows a hematoma on the spine. Which type of thinking is the nurse using to arrive at this conclusion?
Inductive reasoning
(Specific-->General)
***Double jeopardy if you can give a specific example that would be Deductive reasoning***
The nurse researcher is conducting a research study on the association between aging male populations and the development of prostate cancer. The nurse uses a sample of 50 males older than 80 years of age. The quantitative research finds that many of the participants developed cancer after age 80 years. Which is the flaw in this research if the nurse reports all males over 80 years of age will most likely develop prostate cancer?
1. The problem statement does not provide enough information.
2. Sample size is too small to make a generalization.
3. The research is only valuable to those working with aging males.
4. The research design is most likely inappropriate for the type of study.
2. Sample size is too small to make a generalization.
What is an example of a study that lead to the harm of many study participants?
Tuskegee Experiment
The nurse is providing care for a patient originating from a country in the Middle East. The patient has a nasogastric (NG) tube for stomach decompression for a blocked bowel. Which statement by the nurse indicates use of the theory developed by Madeline Leininger when the patient asks if a family member can bring in garlic to be administered through the NG tube?
1. “I think the administration of garlic will cause gastric upset.”
2. “I am sure the physician would not be in favor of allowing this.”
3. “Let’s give the physician’s medical treatment a chance to work first.”
4. “Please explain the association between garlic and your condition.”
4. “Please explain the association between garlic and your condition.”
(focuses on the values of cultural diversity; the nurse must make cultural accommodations for the health benefit of the patient)
What does the PICOT method stand for?
P: Patient population or problem
I: Intervention
C: Comparison intervention
O: Outcome
T: Time
A student nurse is following a group of researchers for the week. At the end of the week, the student nurse has to report on what type of research was done. Select all of the quantitive examples of research presented below.
1. A new drug trial for patients with diabetes between 30 to 50 years old living in the state of Illinois.
2. A hospital looking at CAUTIs (catheter associated UTIs) through chart auditing of all the medical surgical patients.
3. 100 recent RN graduates were surveyed about job satisfaction in the first 6 months of their nursing career.
4. A 3 day interview process was completed with 15 caregivers to learn about their experience with caregiver role strain while caring for their spouse.
5. 10 recent RN graduates were asked to complete a written questionnaire about job satisfaction in the first 6 months of their nursing career.
1, 2, 3
Which statements best describe the phases of nursing research? Select all that apply.
1. Selection and definition of the problem
2. Formulation of a research question
3. Selection of individual participants
4. Molding data to the research question
5. Reporting the research findings
1, 2, 5
•Select and define the problem
•Search for information on the topic
•Formulate a research question, hypothesis, or problem
•Select a research design
•Collect data
•Analyze data
•Report research findings
The nurse educator in the local hospital is developing a plan to implement research into nursing care practices. Which are some of the barriers the nurse educator may encounter in the implementation process? Select all that apply.
1. Not enough nursing research has been published.
2. There is a negative attitude toward research.
3. There is a lack of support from the employing hospital.
4. Most nursing research is not relevant to hospital practice.
5. Nurses are extremely reluctant to change nursing practice.
2, 3, 5