Research 101
_____ is the process by which scientists with expertise in a particular field assess a study before it is published in a top-quality scientific journal.
What is peer-review?
The process of explaining the research and asking whether individuals agree to participate in it.
What is informed consent?
Drawing this kind of sample of people means everyone has the same chance of being chosen for the study.
What is a probability sample?
The group in a study that does not receive treatment.
What is the control group?
A student’s high school GPA is determined by the number of books they read
What is?
Number of books read - Independent
GPA - Dependent
This type of study is used to study a group of people over a long period of time.
What is a longitudinal study?
In this study, “subjects were observed to sweat, tremble, stutter, bite their lips, groan, and dig their fingernails into their flesh…." but very few of them refused to participate in the study.
What is Milgram's obedience to authority study?
Measurement scale that lacks numeric properties.
What is nominal/categorical?
This type of research can best establish a cause-and-effect relationship.
What is an experiment?
The amount of TV someone watches affects their ability to recognize celebrities
What is
Amount of TV watched - independent
Recognization of celebrities - dependent
The first thing you must do if the participant in an experiment is a minor is _________.
Obtain parental consent
What is it called when both participants and research staff are ignorant (blind)?
Double-blind procedure.
A sample in which the participants are proportionate representatives of the population.
What is quota sampling?
When you work out more, you sweat more.
Positive.
The amount of fruits and vegetables someone eats impacts how long they live
What is
The amount eaten - independent
Lifespan - dependent
What is the point of random assignment when conducting research?
Eliminate bias.
What do you have to do at the end of every experiment in order to make it ethical?
Debrief your participants.
Education level (freshman, sophomore, junior, senior) is an example of this level of measurement.
What is ordinal level?
The variation in the independent variable occurs before the variation in the dependent variable.
What is temporal order?
The hours of sleep a high school student gets affect their performance in school the next day
What is
Hours of sleep - independent
Performance at school - dependent
Non-numerical data.
What is qualitative data?
An experiment becomes more ethical when the researcher vows to protect participants from ________ and _________ harm.
Physical and emotional harm.
Type of data that has a "true zero."
What is ratio?
Relationship among variables in which it appears that two variables are related to one another but instead a third variable is the causal factor.
What is non-spuriousness?
One’s lung health is affected by the number of cigarettes a person smokes.
What is
Cigarettes smoked - independent
Lung health-dependent