TYPES OF RESEARCH
A study that is conducted outside the laboratory in a “real-world” setting.
FIELD STUDY
an in-depth investigation of a single individual, group or event to explore the causes of underlying principles. It is a descriptive and exploratory analysis of a person, group or event. Continues over a long period of time.
CASE STUDY
when the inclusion or exclusion of sampling units is determined by whether the units themselves agree or decline to participate in the sample, either explicitly or implicitly.
SELF SELECTING /VOLUNTARY
A variable that is not under investigation in an experiment but may potentially affect the dependent variable if it is not properly controlled.
EXTRENEOUS VARIABLE
a process of communication between you and your researcher that often leads to agreement or permission for care, treatment, or services.
INFORMED CONSENT
The researcher measures two or more variables without manipulating an independent variable and with little or no attempt to control extraneous variables.
CORRELATIONAL STUDY
The independent variable is manipulated. Hypotheses are proved. A positive correlation exists. Cause and effect relationship established. Snapshot studies.
TRUE EXPERIMENT
In this technique ,each sample has the same probability as other samples to be selected to serve as a representation of an entire population.
RANDOM SAMPLING
When a researcher’s expectations about the findings of the research are inadvertently communicated to participants and influence their responses. This distortion of results arises from participants’ reactions to subtle cues unintentionally given by the researcher - for example, through body movements, gestures, or facial expressions.
EXPECTENCY EFFECT
the act of informing participants about the intentions of the study in which they just participated;
DEBRIEFING
a research technique used to collect data through group interaction.
FOCUS GROUP
In this research people's involvement, a series of meetings, the homogeneity of participants with respect to research interests, the generation of qualitative data, and discussion focused on a topic, which is determined by the purpose of the research.These interviews can be as small as four participants and sometimes as large as ten
FOCUS GROUP
using expert knowledge of the population first to decide with characteristics are important to be represented in the sample and then to identify a sample
PURPOSIVE SAMPLING
Cues that may influence or bias participants’ behavior, for example, by suggesting the outcome or response that the experimenter expects or desires.
DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS
is a concept in clinical research ethics that a study participant in a clinical trial has a right to end participation in that trial at will.
RIGHT TO WITHDRAW
in-depth investigations of a single person, group, event or community.
CASE STUDY
It is a Systematic Method, specific, objective, quantitative and involves mostly experimenters interpretation of the situation.
OBSERVATION METHOD
is a method of sampling that involves the division of a population into smaller sub-groups
STRATIFIED SAMPLING
an experimental procedure in which neither the researcher doing the study nor the participants know the specific type of treatment each participant receives until after the experiment is over
DOUBLE BLIND
is a methodological technique whereby a participant is not made fully aware of the specific purposes of the study or is misinformed as part of the study.
DECEPTION
The researcher manipulates an independent variable but does not randomly assign participants to conditions.
QUASI EXPERIMENT
This research designs, like experimental designs, test causal hypotheses.This design by definition lacks random assignment. This designs identify a comparison group that is as similar as possible to the treatment group in terms of baseline (pre-intervention) characteristics.
QUASI EXPERIMENT
a non-probability sampling technique in which the samples have traits that are rare to find. This is a sampling technique, in which existing subjects provide referrals to recruit samples required for a research study.
SNOWBALL SAMPLING
a scientific prediction stating that an effect will occur and whether that effect will specifically increase or specifically decrease, depending on changes to the independent variable.
ONE-TAILED HYPOTHESIS
Participants need to be guaranteed that identifying information and individual responses will not be shared with anyone who is not involved in the study.
CONFIDENTIALITY