Experimental design
The difference between the population and sample is
Populations is everyone an experiment applies to whereas the sample is the individuals who are participants in the experiment
A testable statement that makes a prediction
Hypothesis
I am a in-depth or detailed study on a singular person or small group of people.
Case study
I am involved in an individual watching a group of people in a natural environment and then recording their behaviour.
Observational Studies
_______ is using numbers, _______ is using words
Quantitative, qualitative
The control and experiment groups are:
The experiment group experiences the IV
The control group is for comparison
Adults who exercise at least 3 times per week are more likely to feel content in their lives than those who do not
IV =
DV =
IV = exercise
DV = contentment
Examples of me are Surveys and questionnaires, rating scale/ Likert Scales and Interviews
Self-reports
I am useed to test a cause-effect relationship between variables under controlled conditions
Experiment
What is the difference between raw scores and the mean score?
Raw scores are all responses collected in an experiment, the mean is the average for each group
Identify the 3 types of experimental design
• Independent groups
• Repeated measures
• Matched participants
The variable that is measured:
The variable that is manipulated:
Independent variable
Dependent variable
What is a cross-sectional study?
Used to observe and compare groups of participants on one or more variables of interest at a single point in time, often used for age related differences
Variables other than the IV and DV that might influence your results in an experimental study are called...
Extraneous variables
I am tape recordings of a students description of the effect of background noise on their ability to learn previously unseen material
Qualitative Data
Explain how the independent groups experimental design is conducted
Participants are randomly allocated to the control and experimental groups
Four things a hypothesis must have in it
Population, IV, DV, direction
I allow researchers to collect subjective data that cannot be overtly seen or measured - gain insight into the reasoning and justification behind behaviours.
Self Report
Name 5 different types of psychological investigations
Experiments, cross-sectional studies, self-reports, observational studies, case studies
I am students ratings on a seven-point rating scale used to assess how much background noise affected their ability to learn previously unseen material
Quantitative Data
Explain how the matched participants experimental design is conducted
• Participants are ranked in order of a trait that will affect the results
• Then they are allocated to experimental and control groups
• Results from participants are compared to those with similar traits
A hypothesis (containing operationalised variables) for testing a Corona Virus vaccine on people of a range of ages
It is predicted that individuals of all ages from 5 to 80 who have 2 doses (100 mg) of Fyser vaccine will shorten their symptoms by 50% and not need ICU support.
I can be difficult to generalise findings from one person to the wider population
Case study
I eliminate the participants behavioural changes that occur when being watched (artificiality). Can view participants’ normal behaviour
Observational Study
What is the difference between primary and secondary data?
Primary data: Collected directly by the researcher for their own purpose
Secondary data: Data collected by someone other than the original user