The need for psychological science
What is Hindsight biased
The tendency to beleive, after leartning an outcome, that one would have for seen it.
What are the 7 steps to the Scientific Method?
1)State a Problem 2) Research the Problem (gather information) 3) Develop a Hypothesis (form educated guess) 4) Perform Experiment to test hypothesis (sub-steps: Materials and Procedure) 5) Data Analysis includes qualitative (observations) and quantitative (usually numbers shown in tables and graphs) sections 6) Draw Conclusions (was hypothesis correct?) 7) Repeat the work
What is correlation?
A measure of the extent to which two variables change together, and thus of how well either variable predicts the other
What is descriptive statistics?
used to organize data meaningfully
What are the participants?
The people or animals whose behaviour, characteristics or responses are investigated and measured as part of an experiment.
What is over confidence?
We tend to think we know more than we do.
what is Scientific Problem?
Questions that scientists ask when trying to solve a problem
What is the Correlation coefficient?
A statistical index of the relationship between two variables
What is a histogram?
converting data into simple bar graphs
What is raw data?
The actual data collected from a study, before it is sorted or analysed.
What is skepticism?
sift reality from fantasy by asking the questions: what do you mean? how do you know?
What is the hypothesis?
an educated guess to the scientific problem
What is Illusory correlation?
The perception of a relationship where none exists
What is measure of central tendency?
used to summarize data; single score representing a set of scores
What is the experimental method?
A scientific research method that uses participants in a formal trial to confirm or disconfirm a hypothesis.
What is humility?
an awareness of our own vulnerability to error and an openness to surprises and new perspectives.
What are the controlled variables?
factors in an experiment that are kept constant to ensure that the only factor being tested is the independent variable
What is the experimental group?
In an experiment, the group exposed to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable
what is standard deviation?
measures how much scores deviate from one another
What is the experimental group?
In a controlled experiment, the group of participants exposed to the independent variable.
How does critical thinking make us think smarter?
Exams assumptions assess the source, discern hidden values, confirm evidence, and assesses conclusions.
How can we test our hypothesis?
Descriptive methods, correlation methods and experimental methods.
What is the Placebo effect?
Experimental results caused by expectations alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which the recipient assumes is an active agent
What is statistical signifigance?
when sample averages are reliable and the different between them is relatively large; observed difference is probably not due to chance variation
What is the experimental hypthesis?
A broad or general prediction about the direction of a relationship between variables in an experiment - i.e. whether the variables increase or decrease in relation to one another.