Validity vs. Reliability
the extent to which an experiment, test, or measure produces the same results on repeated trials.
What is Reliability?
the degree to how a measure or procedure appears to be effective in regards to its aims (commonly used by the public; Sometimes based on only one person's opinion)
What is Face Validity?
Research design in which the relationship among two or more variables is examined, but causality cannot be determined.
What is correlational research?
Sampling technique that gathers samples, and allows everyone within the population an equal chance of being selected.
What is Probability or Random Sampling
Overall strategy underlying the study, created only after a research question has been developed; serves as a visual model, as to how the question will be answered.
What is a Research Design?
refers to the degree to which a study accurately reflects the content that the researcher is attempting to measure.
What is Validity?
how well a test or scale mirrors the characteristics of a hypothetical construct.
What is Construct Validity?
A single subject design that involves a baseline, manipulation and return to baseline.
What is an ABA reversal design?
Ensure all participants are listed, then choose a random number of participants. For example, everyone comes in and signs their names beside a number, the researcher then randomly picks 10 participants.
What is Simple Random Sampling
Type of research that is less structured, involves interviews, group discussions. Does not focus on statistical methods.
What is Qualitative Research?
when a measure or test is repeated on the same subject at a future date.
What is test-re-test reliability?
the extent of how well a test correlates with a behavioral measure
What is Criterion Validity.
Research design that manipulates a variable, but does not involve manipulation.
What is quasi-experimental research?
Subjects are selected because they are easily accessible. Easiest, cheapest, and less time consuming. (ex. classmates, family members, friends, etc.)
What is a convenience sample?
Type of Research that uses statistical methods to analyze numerical data.
What is Quantitative Research?
Positive relationship between scale scores and a future behavior that is related to the construct assessed by the scale.
What is predictive validity?
The consistency of participant responses to all of the items in a scale.
What is internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha)?
Research design in which the primary goal is to describe the variables, not examine relationships.
What is descriptive research?
When the researcher divides the entire population into different subgroups and randomly select the participants from the subgroup. (ex. Researcher chooses to study college students, he/she then divides the pop into 3 groups: athletes, non-traditional, and traditional. The researcher randomly selects the same amount from each group).
What is Stratified Sampling?
1. Variable that the researcher wants to test. 2. Variable that the researcher believes will have a presumed effect.
What is 1. Independent Variable, 2. Dependent Variable.
the extent to which 2 or more individuals agree; address the consistency of a rating system.
What is Interrater Reliability?
Positive correlation between scale scores and a current behavior that is related to the construct assessed by the scale.
What is an example of Concurrent Validity?
Detailed investigation of single individual, group or organization.
What is a case study?
a probability sampling technique where researchers divide the population into multiple groups (clusters) for research.
What is Cluster Sampling?
A proposed explanation on the relationship of two or more variables, based on limited evidence or past research.
What is an Hypothesis