Research Designs
A researcher organizes focus groups with new parents to discuss their challenges and feelings about parenting, analyzing the discussions to identify common themes and insights rather than relying on statistics.
What is qualitative research?
Researchers observe and record behavior without influencing it.
What is an observational study?
Investigated the effects of situational factors on behavior and roles.
What is the Stanford prison experiment?
A company sends out an online questionnaire to its customers, asking about their satisfaction with recent purchases and gathering feedback on product improvements.
What is a survey?
Ensuring participants understand and agree to the study before participation.
What is informed consent?
Involves the use of numerical data to identify patterns and test theories.
What is quantitative research?
A psychologist examines a child prodigy who mastered multiple instruments by age 5, interviewing the child and their parents to explore the influences on their talent.
What is a case study?
Showed how children learn aggression through observation of adults.
What is the Bobo doll experiment?
A method involving direct questioning to obtain detailed information
What is an interview?
A therapist assures clients that their personal information and session details will remain private and will not be shared with anyone without their consent, creating a safe space for open communication.
What is confidentiality?
Combines qualitative and quantitative approaches for a comprehensive understanding.
What is mixed-methods research?
Examines the relationship between two variables, identifying whether they are related but not causal.
What is a correlational study?
Demonstrated classical conditioning by creating a fear response in a child.
What is the Little Albert experiment?
A technique for analyzing documented information from text, images, and physical items.
What is content analysis?
Informing participants about the study's purpose and any deception after it concludes.
What is debriefing?
A researcher goes to a park to observe how parents interact with their children on playgrounds. They quietly watch how often parents help their kids versus letting them play independently, without engaging with the parents or kids to avoid influencing their behavior.
What is observational research?
A researcher tracks a group of children from age 5 to age 15, assessing their social skills and friendships every two years to observe how their relationships develop over time.
What is a longitudinal study?
Dogs could be trained to salivate at the sound of a bell if it was repeatedly paired with food.
What is Pavlov's Dogs Experiment?
A researcher creates a set of structured questions for college students, asking about their study habits, stress levels, and academic performance, to gather data for a study on student well-being.
What is a questionnaire?
A medical researcher designs a study to test a new treatment, ensuring that the research benefits participants by providing them access to the treatment and closely monitoring their health to minimize risks.
What is beneficence?
A psychologist wants to test whether listening to music improves memory. They randomly assign participants to two groups: one listens to music while studying a list of words, and the other studies in silence. Later, they compare the groups' memory recall to see if music had an effect.
What is experimental research?
Collects data from different groups at a single point in time for comparison.
What is a cross-sectional study?
Showed how behaviors can be shaped by rewards or punishments using rats and pigeons.
What is Skinner’s experiment with rats and pigeons in the Skinner Box?
The collection of numerical data that can be analyzed using statistical methods.
What is quantitative data?
A committee that reviews research proposals to ensure ethical standards are upheld.
What is the Institutional Review Board (IRB)?