The direction of the correlation between happiness and GDP in Britain.
What is negative?
100
When we have correlation results, this is where we look to see the direction of association.
What is is the sign of Pearson's r?
100
Of height and weight, this is the more plausible independent variable.
What is height?
100
This is the technique we use to test for a significant relationship between two categorical variables.
What is chi square test of independence?
100
An example of this type of variable is religious affiliation - Protestant, Catholic, Jewish, Other.
What is categorical?
200
Any one of the factors that the article suggests might have a positive correlation with happiness.
What is is being employed, health, family relationships, or the environment?
200
When we have correlation results, this is where we find the strength of association.
What is the absolute value of Pearson's r?
200
Of the number of vehicle miles traveled by automobile and air pollution levels, this is the more plausible dependent variable.
What is air pollution levels?
200
This is the technique we use to test for a significant relationship between a quantitative variable and a dichotomous variable.
What is independent samples t-test?
200
An example of this kind of variable is the number of minutes it takes an individual to run a mile.
What is quantitative?
300
This is the dependent variable suggested in the headline.
What is happiness?
300
Given a variable for income, this is how we would operationalize the concept of “well-being” so that we could run a correlation.
What is (anything quantitative)?
300
Of the price of gasoline and air pollution levels, this is the more plausible independent variable.
What is price of gasoline?
300
This is the technique we use to test for a significant relationship between height (measured in inches) and weight (measured in pounds).
What is correlation?
300
You could use an independent sample t-test to study male-female differences in this type (level of measurement) of variable.
What is quantitative?
400
Assuming that we can measure happiness numerically, this is one way that we could measure (define a variable) "family relationships" so that we could run a correlation.
What is number of immediate relatives in the area?
400
When we have correlation results, this is the conclusion we come to if SPSS results show that the p-value = 0.832.
What is "Fail to reject the null, fail to accept the alternative" OR "Conclude that the two variables are not associated.
400
This is one independent variable I might choose to study the outcome, "Grade on midterm exam."
What is number of hours studying, number of items on the study sheet, number of hours spent practicing problems, etc.
400
This is the technique we use to be able to talk about association between species of dogs and gender of their primary owners, descriptive only.
What is a contingency table (and table of column percentages)
400
A survey question that asks the respondent to select his or her favorite class would allow us to construct a variable at this level of measurement.
What is categorical?
500
This is the null hypothesis, in words, that we would use to test the association between happiness and GDP.
What is , "Happiness and GDP are not correlated"?
500
This is what we call a data point that does not seem to fit the trend or pattern of the rest of the data.
What is an outlier?
500
This is one independent variable I might choose to study the outcome, "annual earnings."
What is number of years of education, possession of valuable skills, city an individual lives in.
500
This is the technique we use to test for a significant relationship between income (measured in thousands of dollars) and gender.
What is an independent samples t-test?
500
Given data on the political orientation of a governor and implementation of the Affordable Care Act, you could construct a contingency table if the variables were which levels of measurement?