research types
Freddy and his friends are being studied in depth regarding fear in hopes to reveal a more universal event.
This research method is called _____
A case study: because it is specifically in depth and following a specific group of people/ person.
What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?
A hypothesis is a testable prediction, often based on a theory.
A theory is an explanation that uses observations to predict behaviors.
What does positive correlation mean?
What does negative correlation mean?
A positive correlation refers to a situation in which the two variables tend to rise or fall together.
A negative correlation refers to a situation in which one variable tends to rise while the other falls.
a bar graph can also be called a ___
Histogram
The level of ability at which someone could read a research study and do it themselves resulting in the same way as the original.
replication
For her zoology class, Hannah goes to see the monkeys while they interact with each other in order to gather information on how the monkeys socialize.
This research method is ___
Observational study: the behavior of the studied subject is not being altered or manufactured.
A carefully worded explanation of the specific procedures used in research.
Ex: number of smiles a day measures happiness of person.
This is an operational definition
A statistical index of the relationship between two things (between -1.00 and +1.00)
This is the definition of ____
Correlation coefficient
1) The most frequently occurring score is called the ____
2.) The average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and dividing by the number of scores is a ____
3.) The middle score in a distribution is the ____
4.) The computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score is called the ___
1.) mode
2.) mean
3.) median
4.) standard deviation
Giving potential participants enough information on a study to allow them to decide if they want to participate.
informed consent
Sarah asks a random group of her peers to answer some questions about their phone usage throughout the day.
This method is ____
A survey: it is self reported and uses a random sample of the population.
Experiment results caused by expectations alone when given a substance with no active agent.
placebo effect
What is illusory correlation?
Perceiving a relationship where none exists
A distribution that is not symmetrical around the mean is called a ____
skewed distribution
The organization whose guidelines most psychologists follow in experiments and studies is called the ___
name some of those guidelines.
American psychological association (APA)
informed consent, anonymity, no significant risk, debriefing. etc..
Kat wants to know if jelly beans actually make kids more hyper. She gathers a random group of 60 kids and splits them into two groups: group one gets five jelly beans and group two gets no jelly beans.
This method is ___
An experiment: One or more variables are being manipulated, and there is a sample and a control group.
What is the difference between the dependent and independent variables?
The independent variable is the variable being manipulated.
The dependent variable is the outcome that is measured.
Explain why correlation is not causation
Correlation helps us predict and SUGGESTS the possibility of a cause and effect relationship but does not prove it nor account for other variables that might impact this relationship.
what makes a distribution "normal"?
A symmetrical bell shaped curve where most scores are around the mean with fewer data points near the extremes.
which of the following is NOT an ethical guideline for animal research?
clear purpose, humane treatment, legal obtaining of animals, harm reduction, informed consent.
informed consent.
This method is a ___
correlational study
When doing an experiment you should be sure to account for ___ variables.
confounding
a.) a graph which uses clusters of dots, each of which is used to represent the values of two variables.
b.) what does the spread of the dots suggest?
c.) what about the slope?
a.) scatter plot
b.) spread suggests the strength of the correlation
c.) slope suggests the direction of the relationship
a statistical statement on how likely it is that a statistical result occurred by chance
Statistical significance.
True or false : some experiments will not work if the participants are not deceived.
true