Research Methods
Types of self-report.
Interview
Questionnaire
IVs in Dement & Kleitman study.
Woken up during REM or NREM sleep
Woken up after 5 or 15 minutes
Background of Andrade (doodling)
You cannot daydream and focus on a task.
Doodling stops daydreaming.
Therefore doodling helps you focus.
Aim of Bandura et al (aggression)
To see whether children would imitate aggressive behaviour when given the opportunity.
Define social desirability bias.
Trying to present oneself in the best light by determining what a test is asking.
Method and design of the Hasset et al study.
A field experiment using independent measures.
What is "theory of mind"?
a cognitive ability that allows us to realise that others have different feelings, beliefs, knowledge and desires from our own.
Sample used in Bandura et al (aggression)
72 children
Enrolled at Stanford university nursery
Aged 37-69 months
Equal number boys and girls
Define Natural experiment.
An investigation looking for a causal relationship in which the IV cannot be directly manipulated by the experimenter. Instead, they study the effect of an existing difference or change.
The two types of data the observers noted in the Hasset et al. study.
Frequency of each activity
Duration of each activity
Features of group 2.
Adult comparison group – 122 adults recruited by opportunity sampling from educational classes in Exeter and Cambridge library users, mean age 46
Experimental Design of Bandura.
Matched pairs
- matched on pre-tested rating of aggression into triplets
Recall the five research methods
Experiments
Self-reports
Case Studies
Correlations
Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire
Observing
Describing
Acting with Awareness
Non-judging
Non-reactivity
Describe the mock telephone call.
2.56 minutes, monotonous voice, 227 words per minute
Discuss stage 3 (Room 3)
Third room included a range of toys including aggressive (Bobo doll) and non-aggressive toys
Child played for 20 mins whilst being observed through one way mirror.
What is an experiment?
An investigation looking for a causal relationship in which an independent variable is manipulated and is expected to be responsible for changes in the dependent variable.
All the hypotheses of Dement & Kleitman.
Hypothesis 1 - There is a significant association between REM and reported dreaming
Hypothesis 2 - There is a significant positive correlation between the estimate of time spent dreaming and the measurement of REM sleep
Hypothesis 3 - There is a relationship between the pattern of eye movement and the reported content of the dream
What is 115?
The mean IQ of those in the AS/HFA group in Baron-Cohen et al. (Eyes test)
Describe pre-testing phase.
Children were rated on four 5-point scales for
- physical aggression
- verbal aggression
- aggression towards inanimate objects
- aggression inhibition