Quantitative
______________ research methods that collect numerical data that can be statistically tested for significance
Quantitative
______________ research methods that collective descriptive data that must be interpreted by the researcher
qualitative
A psychologist wants to study immigrants who came to the European Union who fled their country as a result of their sexual orientation. Which sampling technique would this require?
Purposive Sampling
The probability that, if the null hypothesis were true, the result found in the sample would occur.
P-Value
Participants should be fully informed of the objectives and details of research to make a considered decision about whether to participate.
Informed Consent
A study that is conducted outside the laboratory in a “real-world” setting.
Field Experiment
In a ______________ observation, the participants are not aware that they are being observed. This technique is used when the researcher feels that if the participants knew that they were being observed, their behaviours would change
covert observation
A researcher goes to a local church to ask people to be part of his study of religious belief and mental health. _____________ sample.
Opportunity Sample
A hypothesis that says there will be no statistical significance between two variables. It is the hypothesis that a researcher will try to disprove.
Null Hypothesis
Misleading of participants and withholding information should be avoided, especially if debriefing after a study has finished would leave participants distressed.
Deception
The study of a naturally occurring situation in the real world. The researcher does not manipulate an independent variable or assign participants randomly to conditions.
Natural Experiment
_________________ interviews work with topics rather than a set of questions. For example, "Talk to me about your experience here at our school over the past three weeks." This allows the interviewee to decide what they want to talk about. This may lead to unexpected findings.
Unstructured
A well-known researcher wants to study how students cope with boredom. He puts out a tweet to announce his study. What Sampling Technique is used?
Self-selected
Also called a “within groups” design. The same participants take part in each condition of the independent variable. This means that each condition of the experiment includes the same group of participants.
Repeated Measures Design
Participants should not be put at risk of harm and should leave a study in the same state they entered it.
Protection of Participants
The researcher manipulates an independent variable but does not randomly assign participants to conditions.
Quasi-Experiment
Which of the qualitative methods has the highest level of ecological validity?
Focus Groups
A clinical psychologist is studying suicide attempts among drug addicts. He interviews a few drug users that he knows from his clinic, but has asked if they might be able to recommend some of their friends to take part in the study. What Sampling Technique?
Snowball
More than one experimental group is used and participants are only in one group. Each participant is only in one condition of the independent variable.
Independent Samples Design
Participants should be aware that they can leave at any time, including withdrawing their data in the future.
Right to Withdrawl
The researcher measures two or more variables without manipulating an independent variable and with little or no attempt to control extraneous variables.
Correlation Research
The study a particular person, group, or situation over a period of time. ______________ are technically not a research method - but a combination of research methods.
Case Studies
A method of probability sampling in which the population is divided into different subgroups or “strata” and then a random sample is taken from each “stratum.”
Stratified Random Sampling
An experimental procedure in which neither the researcher doing the study nor the participants know the specific type of treatment each participant receives until after the experiment is over; a ___________ procedure is used to guard against both experimenter bias and placebo effects.
double-blind procedure
List the 6 main Ethical Considerations
1. Informed Consent
2. Deception
3. Right to Withdraw
4. Protection from Harm
5. Right to Withdraw
6. Anonymity and Confidentiality