Show:
Experiment Basic
Internal Validity Threats
Design Types
Factorial Designs
100

Define IV and DV

  • A) Independent Variable (IV) is measured, Dependent Variable (DV) is manipulated.
  • B) IV is manipulated, DV is measured.
  • C) Both IV and DV are held constant.
  • B) IV is manipulated, DV is measured.
100

Name one validity threat

  • A) Random sampling
  • B) Maturation
  • C) Temporal precedence
  • B) Maturation
100

Posttest-only vs. pretest/post-test?

  • A) Posttest-only is easier to analyze.
  • B) Pretest/post-test is easier to implement.
  • C) Posttest-only has only one testing point; pretest/post-test has two.
  • C) Posttest-only has only one testing point; pretest/post-test has two.
100

What is a factorial design?

  • A) A design with one IV.
  • B) A design with two or more IVs.
  • C) A single-group design.
  • B) A design with two or more IVs.
200

What is a control variable?

  • A) A variable that changes with the experiment.
  • B) A variable that is manipulated.
  • C) A variable held constant to prevent confounding.
  • C) A variable held constant to prevent confounding.
200

What is attrition?

  • A) Loss of participants over time.
  • B) Random assignment issue.
  • C) Control variable change.
  • A) Loss of participants over time.
200

What is a within-groups design?

  • A) Each participant experiences only one level of the IV.
  • B) Each participant experiences all levels of the IV.
  • C) Participants are randomly assigned.
  • B) Each participant experiences all levels of the IV.
200

Define “main effect”

  • A) The overall effect of one IV.
  • B) The combined effect of two IVs.
  • C) The impact of control variables.
  • A) The overall effect of one IV.
300

Which of the following is an example of a dependent variable (DV)?

  • A) The type of music played to participants.
  • B) The participants’ mood rating after listening to music.
  • C) The time of day the experiment is conducted.
  • B) The participants’ mood rating after listening to music.
300

Which threat to internal validity occurs when participants improve simply due to the passage of time?

  • A) Attrition
  • B) Maturation
  • C) Instrumentation
  • B) Maturation
300

Name one disadvantage of within-groups

  • A) Requires more participants.
  • B) Potential for order effects.
  • C) Can’t control variables.

B) Potential for order effects.

300

What is an “interaction”?

  • A) The main effect of two IVs.
  • B) The combined impact of two IVs.
  • C) When the effect of one IV depends on the other IV’s level.
  • C) When the effect of one IV depends on the other IV’s level.
400

Why are control variables important?

  • A) They establish causation.
  • B) They allow manipulation of the DV.
  • C) They prevent confounding.
  • C) They prevent confounding.
400

What is the difference between maturation & history threats

  • A) Maturation involves internal changes; history involves external events.
  • B) Both refer to participant dropout.
  • C) History only applies to within-group designs.
  • A) Maturation involves internal changes; history involves external events.
400

Explain counterbalancing

  • A) Randomly assigning participants to avoid bias.
  • B) Balancing order effects in within-groups designs.
  • C) Ensuring equal number of participants in all groups.
  • B) Balancing order effects in within-groups designs.
400

efine 2x2 and 2x3 designs

  • A) 2x2 has 2 IVs with 2 levels each; 2x3 has 2 IVs, one with 3 levels.
  • B) 2x2 has one IV; 2x3 has three IVs.
  • C) Both have only within-groups designs.
  • Answer: A
  • A) 2x2 has 2 IVs with 2 levels each; 2x3 has 2 IVs, one with 3 levels.
500

Define covariance

  • A) The relationship between IV and DV.
  • B) A random assignment method.
  • C) The variability in both groups of an experiment.
  • A) The relationship between IV and DV.
500

How to prevent testing threats

  • A) By using control groups.
  • B) By using a post-test-only design.
  • C) By random assignment.
  • B) By using a post-test-only design.
500

Difference between independent & within-groups

  • A) Independent-groups has one level of IV; within-groups has multiple levels.
  • B) Independent-groups uses random assignment; within-groups doesn’t.
  • C) Independent-groups has separate participants per condition; within-groups has same participants across conditions.

  • C) Independent-groups has separate participants per condition; within-groups has same participants across conditions.
500

Explain a mixed factorial design

  • A) All IVs are within-groups.
  • B) One IV is independent-groups; the other is within-groups.
  • C) Uses only repeated measures.
  • B) One IV is independent-groups; the other is within-groups.