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Unit 5: Op Def
Unit 5: Psychometrics
Unit 6: Sampling
Unit 7: Qualitative
Wild Card
100
What is the term for hypothetical attributes or mechanisms that help explain and predict behavior in a theory?
constructs
100
Cues that suggest to participants how they are expected to behave is the definition of ___
demand characteristics
100
The group of individuals from which researchers actually select participants for research studies is called __.
the accessible population
100
True or False: The goal of qualitative research is to obtain an in-depth account of participants’ perspective of their own world and their experience of events.
True
100
Bottom up is to inductive approach as ___ is to ___.
Top down ; deductive
200
Constructs (conceptual variables) are turned into measured variables using ____
an operational definition
200
What is the term for when participants modify their natural behavior in response to the fact that they are participating in a research study or the knowledge that they are being measured?
reactivity
200
A ___ sample is a sample with the same characteristics as the population. A ___ sample is a sample with different characteristics from those of the population.
representative ; biased
200
True or False: A focus group is a type of qualitative research method.
True
200
What are the terms to describe when scores of a measurement cluster at the low/high end of the scale, allowing little possibility for change to be observed?
floor/ceiling effect
300
A valid answer of “French” could be given for which type of variable?
nominal
300
A double-blind experimental design is meant to:
reduce bias
300
What is the sampling technique that allows each sub-group of a population to be equally represented in the sample?
quota sampling
300
Good interviewers must be ___ to ensure that participants in qualitative research feel comfortable telling their personal stories.
sensitive/tolerant
300
What is the type of validity that requires the scores obtained from a measurement procedure to behave exactly the same as the variable itself?
construct validity
400
Letter grades given at the end of the term are an example of ____ measurements; calculated GPA’s are a type of ______ measurement.
ordinal; ratio
400
Reliability is used to assess ______, whereas validity is used to assess ______.
the consistency of a measure; the extent to which a measurement process captures the variable it claims to measure
400
The goal of ___ is that each individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected.
simple random sampling
400
What is the analysis technique that involves the systematic analysis of communication where researchers organize responses in order to summarize the substance of the communication?
content analysis
400
DAILY DOUBLE True or False: The difference between concurrent validity and convergent validity is that convergent validity requires you to compare your measurement to a well-established measurement.
False (CONCURRENT validity involves comparing your measure to a well-established measure --> it concurs with it!)
500
___ measures ask people to report how often they feel a certain way or do a particular behavior; ___ measures are taken by carefully observing and recording others’ behavioral indicators of a variable; ___ measures are objective ways of collecting information about bodily reactions
self-report; behavioral; physiological
500
Name these types of validity: - the measurement appears to measure what it claims to - a new measure is directly related to an established measure - scores from a measure accurately predict behavior - scores from 2 different measures of the same construct share a strong relationship - scores from 2 different measures (using the same method: e.g., teacher ratings) of 2 different constructs share little or no relationship
face validity; concurrent validity; predictive validity; convergent validity; divergent validity
500
____ can be used to guarantee that different subgroups are equally represented in the sample, and ____ can be used to guarantee that the overall composition of the sample matches the composition of the population.
stratified random sampling ; proportionate stratified sampling
500
What is the name of the analysis that allows qualitative researchers to use information from participants to generate categories and build a theory?
grounded theory technique
500
In this type of sampling, the population is not completely known, individual probabilities cannot be known, and the sampling method is based on factors such as common sense or ease, with an effort to maintain representativeness and avoid bias. Examples include convenience and quota sampling.
Nonprobability sampling