Show:
Good Measurement
Sampling
Experiments
Threats to Validity
Factorial Designs
100
Jenna studies the impact of bullying on self esteem. She uses the Gilbert Bullying Battery (GBB) to measure exposure to bullying behaviors and the Gilbert Self Esteem Scale (GSES) to measure self esteem. Dennis questions the construct validity of her DV. What does that mean?
He questions whether she is actually measuring self esteem as opposed to something else?
100
A sample is a subsect of this.
What is a population.
100
What are the 3 rules for establishing causation according to the Simple Experiment chapter?
What is establish covariance, establish temporal precedence, and establish internal validity.
100
What is one way to counteract potential order effects?
counterbalancing
100
According to the book, we conduct factorial designs why?
to test for limits (External validity) and theories
200
Eli decides to examine the internal consistency of his 20 item Sensation Seeking scale. What does Eli test when he tests for internal consistency? And what symbol can he use to represent this association?
He tests that all items are measuring the same construct (that they are correlated). Alpha
200
Researchers at Belmont conduct research on the population of Belmont students by studying a sample of psychology students. The differences that exist between the characteristics of the population and that of the sample in this instance are considered what.
What is sampling error?
200
What are 3 important ways to ensure internal validity?
What is 1. random assignment, 2. control conditions, 3. identify confounds
200
Order effects are more likely to be a problem in what type of design?
repeated measures
200
Loren conducts a study examining the influence of both situation (3 levels) and personality (4 levels) in individual behavior. Label the IVs and participants variables. Then explain what type of factorial design this is.
Situation= IV/ Personality= participant variable 3 x 4
300
Janice decides to measure stress by obtaining a measure of respiratory sinus arrhythmia. She then measures the same experience of stress by coding behavioral cues and examines the correlation between the 2 measurements across participants. What is Janice doing?
Examining concurrent validity
300
Dr. Brown is interested in measuring a new TN state wide initiative on academic outcomes for 4th graders. How would Dr. Brown collect a sample using multistage sampling? Be specific.
Answers may vary. Select random sample of clusters, then a random sample of participants in those clusters.
300
Jacqueline conducts a study examining the impact of meditation on emotional interference in cognitive tasks. She randomly assigns a random sample of adults to 2 groups. 1 group makes no changes to their schedule. And 1 group meditates while listening to soft instrumental music. The meditation group scores significantly better, having less emotional interference than the control group on a cognitive task. Can she claim cause and effect? Why or why not?
No- systematic variation- confound- music also differs between groups, not JUST the IV (meditation). So we can't determine which of those differences caused the changes.
300
What is attrition?
potential change in post test values of the dv due to changes in the sample
300
How many main effects would you examine in a 2 x 2 x 2 interaction?
3
400
Jackson asks the following questions on his narcism scale (using a likert response scale of 1-5): 1. I feel like I am better than most people at things. 2. I feel as if I am a natural born leader. 3. I believe that my choices are superior to most. 4. I do not feel confident in my ability to persuade others of things. What can he do to ensure good internal consistency?
Reverse score question 4.
400
Explain the differences between random sampling and random assignment.
What is obtaining the sample and assigning the sample to conditions.
400
Carl conducts research on an initiative on taste preferences. He believes that young children exposed to different types of culture's foods early in life compared to children exposed to culture-typical (e.g. American foods) will have wider taste preferences later in life. Jeremy says that no matter what Chad finds he worries that participants' own genetic taste preferences or in womb experiences may alter the results. Should Chat change his protocol and conduct his study inlight of these suggestions? Why or why not?
No- unsystematic variability
400
You believe there is an interaction between environment (3 levels- classroom, party, grocery store) and group size (1 other person, 3 people, 7 people) in people's experiences of enjoyment. How could you conduct this study as a mixed factorial design?
Answers may vary. 1 IV must vary between groups, the other must vary within groups.
500
This standard of good measurement, construct validity, requires first that measures meet high standards on multiple forms of ___________.
What is reliability
500
What types of validity is random sampling associated with? What types of validity is random assignment associated with? Explain.
random sampling- external validity random assignment- internal validity
500
Explain how you might study the impact of lavender aromatherapy on stress in a repeated measures study design.
Answers my vary. But everyone gets ALL levels of the IV over time.
500
Desmond is asked to give pre test and post test levels of personal comfort before attending a wilderness therapy group for the first time. His comfort post wilderness therapy was better than this pre test. Can we conclude definitively that it was the wilderness therapy that made the difference? Are there other explanations? Explain.
No-- it could be the result of time effects, maturity effects, etc.
500
Explain what you do with (or what happens to) the 2nd "Iv" when you calculate the main effect of the 1st?
remove its influence