Qualitative Research
What is the goal of qualitative research?
To understand and explore social phenomena through the lens of the participants
Which type of experimental designs can imply cause and effect?
True Experimental
Define Measurement Validity
What value is considered a "good" evidence of reliability?
.80-.89
Define Independent AND Dependent Variable
Independent - what you are manipulating
Dependent - what you are measuring
Name and define 3 types of interview structures.
- unstructured (open) interviews - no rules.
- semi-structured interviews - an outline of a guide, but the ability to stray.
- structured interviews - no straying from a list of questions.
R - randomization
T - treatment/intervention
O - observation/measurement
Describe the difference between Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis.
Exploratory - searches for themes
Confirmatory - determines themes/factors actually exist
This reliability test examines a measure for consistency over multiple days.
Test-retest Reliability
This procedure is when either the researcher or the participant is unaware of group assignment
Blinding
Name and describe 2 types of coding.
Open - identifying key words/phrases
Axial - groups open codes into categories
Selective - groups axial codes into themes
Which pre-experimental design uses two or more intact groups and only one gets an experimental intervention?
Static Group Comparison Design
This evidence of validity compares similar (but not the same) tests.
Convergent Evidence of Validity
This type of reliability attempts to determine if all items on a questionnaire are measuring the intended construct
Alpha Reliability
A "fake" treatment/intervention
Placebo
What is a reflexivity statement and why is it important?
A statement to address researchers' biases before analysis in order to separate biases from analysis.
Identify and describe the two main flaws with *almost* all experimental designs.
- no randomization
- no control/pre-test/baseline
Describe Discriminant Evidence as it relates to validity.
Two separate groups that are known to be different (divergent) or unrelated (correlational)
What statistic is used to quantify most evidences of reliability?
Other factors external to the subjects occur by virtue of time (future or past)
History
Define Trustworthiness and provide two ways that a researcher can contribute to trustworthiness.
Trustworthiness - the ability to say the results of a study would be the same if another researcher had conducted the study
- Triangulation
- Member Checking
- Peer Debriefing
- Audit Trail
- Reflexivity Statement
Provide the Campbell & Stanley notation for a Post-test Only Control Groups Design with Randomization.
R T O
R O
Identify and define the 3 concepts under Content Evidence of Validity.
Domain Clarity - clearly verifying the definition of constructs
Content Relevance - determining all items are related to the topic of interest
Content Representativeness - determining all relevant items are included and all non-relevant items are excluded
Inter-Rater - analyzing consistency between the same researcher over multiple trials
Test Administrator - analyzing consistency between numerous researchers over multiple trials
Explain the difference between random assignment and random selection.
Random Assignment - randomly placing participants in groups
Random Selection - randomly recruiting participants