Variables & Validity
In Dr. Ramos’ temperature study, what type of variable is sleep quality?
What is the dependent variable?
In a between-subjects design, how many scores are collected per participant?
What is one?
When an event like Halloween occurs during your study and affects results, what is that called?
What is history?
What kind of research is the only one that can show cause and effect?
What is experimental research?
What statistical test is most appropriate for comparing more than two groups in one factor?
What is ANOVA?
In an experiment, the variable that is manipulated is called the _____.
What is the independent variable?
What do we call the different specific treatment conditions in an experiment?
What are levels of the independent variable?
If participants improve due to natural development during the study, what threat is present?
What is maturation?
A researcher recreates a real-world setting in the lab. What type of study is this?
What is a simulation study?
What test compares two independent group means?
What is the independent-measures t-test?
What type of variable varies with the IV and affects the DV, threatening internal validity?
What is a confounding variable?
What kind of design compares different groups of participants across conditions?
What is a between-subjects design?
Changing measurement tools or rater expectations across time causes what?
What is instrumentation?
A study conducted in the real world is called a _____.
What is a field study?
Researchers try to increase differences between treatments and do what within treatments?
What is decrease variance?
Holding a variable constant strengthens ______ but may weaken ______.
What is internal validity; external validity?
Dr. Nguyen’s study has two sleep conditions. How many levels are there for the IV?
What is two?
When a treatment has lingering effects that affect later conditions, what is that?
What is a carryover effect?
Which type of research design measures the same group twice in two conditions?
What is a within-subjects design?
When participants are measured at two time points and the scores improve just from practice, what is that called?
What are practice effects?
When you randomly assign participants to equal groups to control for a variable, what is that called?
What is matching?
A design that uses the same participants in multiple conditions is called what?
What is a within-subjects design?
A control group becomes unmotivated when they learn they aren’t getting the treatment.
What is resentful demoralization?
A placebo is included in a study to help control for what?
What is participant expectations or placebo effects?
In a within-subjects experiment with 4 conditions and 20 scores per condition, how many participants are needed?
What is 20?