Research Methods Finale

The Basics

100

Social science research findings can support, confirm, demonstrate, show, or indicate support for ideas but they cannot do this

Prove them

200

Meaning observed, this type of evidence has data/observations

Empirical

300

This ethical principle is concerned with ensuring the burden of research falls on those that stand to benefit from it

Justice

400

This term indicates that social science research findings don't apply to every case every time

Probabilistic

500

"Drinking bleach has been linked to death" is an example this type of claim

Association

Variables and Measurement

100

The process of turning a concept into a measured or manipulated variable.

Operationalization

200

Something that does not vary

A constant

300

A variable cannot be valid if it is not this

Reliable

400

This type of variable scale has an underlying numeric order and equal distances between levels but no true zero

Interval

500

Watching and counting how many times a kid on the playground hits another kid in an example of this type of measurement

Observational

Data collection

100

A proportion of the target population to be studied

A sample

200

A study or survey that includes the entire target population

A census

300

This type of sampling results in a biased sample

Nonprobability sampling

400

This type of sampling sorts units by a characteristic, then randomly draws from each created group

Stratified random sampling

500

Every type of probabilistic sampling includes this some type of this manner of selection

Random selection

Causation

100

An alternative explanation

Confound

200

This type of experiment takes place in the real world in order to get natural behaviors from participants

Field experiment

300

This internal validity threat occurs when experimental condition groups are systematically different from the start

Selection effects

400

This internal validity threat occurs when external factors or events impact participants causing all or most of them to change during a study

History threat

500

This is a solution to order effects

Counterbalancing

Data analysis

100

This is a fancier term for an average

A mean

200

The most common value

The mode

300

This type of statistics aims to test hypotheses and generalize findings from the sample to the target population

Inferential statistics

400

This statistic indicates the probability that the observed relationship is due to chance

p-value

500

This test is used to determine if there is a statistical relationship between one categorical variable and one continuous variable.

t-test