Ethics
Validity
Experimental Design
Variance
Random
100
An example of a study that prompted the formation of the APA Ethical Standards
What are the Stanford Prison Experiment, Little Albert, the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, or Milgram's Obedience Study?
100
The assumption that there is no difference or no association between two variables.
What is the null hypothesis?
100
A 2 x 3 x 4 x 24 factorial design has this number of independent variables.
What is 4?
100
This type of study is the only one that allows us to make causal conclusions.
What is an experiment?
100
The section of a paper that includes all of the statistical analyses performed in a study.
What is the Results section?
200
The principle that recommends researchers 'do good' and 'do no harm'
What is Beneficence and Non-Maleficence?
200
The 3 factors that make a study a true experiment.
What are:
-manipulation of an IV
-random assignment to groups
-everything else controlled for/kept constant
200
The reason a pretest-posttest natural control-group design is considered a quasi-experimental design.
What is participants are not randomly assigned to conditions?
200
The "noise" coming from individual differences that we want to minimize within each experimental condition or group.
What is error variance?
200
A variable that changes the relationship between another independent variable and a dependent variable is called this.
What is a moderator?
300
The ethical principle that requires researchers to let participants know they can leave a study at any time without penalty.
What is Respect for Autonomy?
300
The degree to which your results can generalize to a larger population.
What is external validity?
300
A reduced ability to detect small effects is one limitation of these designs.
What are between-subjects designs?
300
Variance we hope is responsible for the differences observed on the dependent variable (given that we have designed a sound study).
What is experimental variance?
300
The maximum number of effects that can result from a 2 x 2 design.
3
(2 main effects & 1 interaction)
400
One type of deception used in research that involves purposely misinforming participants about certain aspects of a study.
What is active deception?
400
The type of validity concerned with how well a researcher's operationalization captures the variable they are attempting to manipulate/measure.
What is construct validity?
400
Adding this to an experimental design allows us to quantify the extent of improvement due to treatment
What is a pretest?
400
A threat to internal validity that is especially applicable to longitudinal designs. Happens when results can be attributed to time passing rather than the independent variable.
What are maturation effects?
400
The abbreviation you should use to clarify or be more precise about what you just wrote.
What is i.e.?
500
Confidentiality and Anonymity are two important aspects of this ethical principle.
What is Trust?
500
The extent to which psychological processes triggered during an experiment are real and meaningful to participants
What is experimental realism?
500
This procedure reduces the probability of a selection threat to internal validity.
What is random assignment?
500
The principle that dictates how researchers think about variance when designing a study.
What is the MaxMinCon Principle?
500
Give one reason we might want to test a moderator in an experimental design.
1. Most phenomena are caused by several variables
2. To control and test effects of potential confounds
3. When the effect of one variable is likely to be conditional on another factor
--To test a specific explanation for when/why/for who a particular IV has an effect on a DV
600
An example of something a researcher might do to 'squeeze out' results in favor of their hypothesis
What is omitting outliers, omitting/tampering with certain surveys/measures, omitting studies, or p-hacking?
600
This type of validity is particularly threatened by small or unrepresentative samples.
What is statistical validity?
600
One disadvantage of this type of design is that there is a larger participant "burden" due to fatigue from multiple experimental tasks.
What are within-subjects designs?
600
Controlling for threats to internal validity strengthens this claim.
What is the independent variable is responsible for the change in the dependent variable? (causal effect)
600
The effects present in this graph:
Interaction & Main effect of Mood