Experiments
In a true experiment, participants must be assigned to conditions using this method to reduce bias.
What is random assignment?
Nominal, Ordinal, Interval and Ratio
What are the four levels of measurement?
A nonprobability sampling method that relies on participants referring others, often used in studies of hidden populations.
What is a snowball sample?
Maturation, Mortality, History, Sampling Bias, Statistical Regression to the mean
What are common threats to internal validity?
Research that reviews a body of existing research studies and summarizes their findings.
What is a literature review?
A variable that is hypothesized to cause—or lead to—variation in the dependent variable
What is an independent variable?
A statistic that measures the reliability of items in an index or scale
What is cronbach's alpha?
The type of data collected in a personal interview or focus groups?
What is qualitative data?
What intervention has the best potential for an African American heterosexual woman to recover from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder?
What is the use of PICO Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome to conduct evidence based research?
A third variable that influences both the independent and dependent variable, making it appear as though they are related when they are not.
What is a spurious relationship or a threat to internal validity?
A problem that occurs when participants drop out of a study at different rates across experimental conditions.
What is attrition (mortality)?
The process of administering the same survey at two points in time to assess reliability.
What is test-retest reliability?
The type of data most likely to be collected in surveys.
What is quantitative data?
What community organizing strategy has the best evidence to work with a largely African American community who is interested in a more prosperous community without losing long time residents or cutural identity?
What is a question formed by COPES:
CO - a Client Oriented, community, group,
P - is Practical
E= Evidence base
A number calculated with statistical techniques that tells researchers How likely it is that the results of an experiment occurred by chance and not because of the independent or dependent variables
What is a probability value or p-value?
Making sure that nothing besides the independent variable can affect the dependent variable this is accomplished by controlling all extraneous variables and by randomly assigning people to different experimental conditions
What is internal validity?
The extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other situations and people
What is external validity?
A study that starts with a focus group to explore the main themes of a little known subject and then uses a survey to determine the prevalence of the themes discovered from the focus group.
What is a mixed method study that moves from collecting qualitative data in order to describe valid quantiative data.
What kind of study is being conducted when a sample from a population is selected nonrandomly BUT everyone in the sample has an equal chance of being in the treatment or control group?
What is an experimental design?
A statistical technique that reviews a body of existing research and analyzes the data again by averaging the results of two or more studies to see if the effect of an independent variable is reliable
What is a meta-analysis?
Pre-experimental (X-O),
Quasi-experimental O1 X O2
O1 O2
True experiment
Random Assignment O1 X O2
O1 O2
What is the continuum of experimental designs?
A situation where survey respondents lie or misrepresent themselves to appear more socially desirable.
What is social desirability bias?
The process of analyzing qualitative interviews by coding themes
What is inductive coding or thematic analysis or a common analysis method for qualitative data?
Variable that is thought to change following exposure to another variable
What is a dependent variable?
Research report of the researcher’s own investigation and data collection and analysis
What is primary research?