History and context
What is … “the dominant view of how research should be done” in the social and biological sciences?
What is the purpose of research in general?
DRAWING VALID INFERENCES
What are some costs associated with failing to measure behavior accurately?
There are many -- provide at least three.
What’s the purpose of an experimental design?
Dispel threats to internal validity.
What three components of research work together to allow you to draw valid inferences?
Assessment, design, evaluation
What makes an intervention evidence-based?
What is a plausible rival hypothesis?
Define IRT.
the time between two responses.
What are the three general requirements of single case design?
Continuous assessment, baseline assessment, and stability.
VISUAL INSPECTION
Why should our interventions be evidence-based?
Accountability, transparency
What is internal validity?
To what extent can the intervention account for the results?
Define Latency.
the time from the onset of one event to another event or behavior
What's a reversal design?
Typically, alternating a baseline condition with an intervention condition relatively slowly.
What is visual inspection?
Looking at graphs and determining if the data pattern reflects a change in behavior as a function of the intervention(s)
What lead to the dominance of between-group design?
What is external validity?
To what extent can the results be generalized?
How would you calculate rate?
Divide count by unit time.
What's a multi-element design?
Fast-paced reversal design.
What criteria do we use when we visually inspect to judge whether or not the intervention(s) actually changed behavior?
Many acceptable answers -- changes in level, trend, variability; rate of change, non-overlapping data
Describe a few early research areas in applied behavior analysis.
Reduction of symptoms of psychosis/schizophrenia, stuttering, reading, writing ,math, problem behavior reduction.
What are the four main attitudes of science?
Parsimony
Empiricism
Determinism
Skepticism
A time sampling measurement technique where a sample of behavior is taken only certain points in time.
What is a multiple baseline design?
An experimental design where multiple baselines are gathered and interventions are applied to the multiple baselines at different points in time.
In behavior analysis, when is it appropriate to use a line graph? When is it appropriate to use a bar graph?
Line = time-series. Changes across time.
Bar = comparison of discontinuous dimensions (preference, aggregate data, steps in a behavior chain, etc.)