Reliability vs Validity
This refers to the extent to which two or more observers observe and record behaviour in the same way.
What is inter-observer reliability?
This is a measure of central tendency that is calculated by finding the middle score when the data is placed in numerical order.
What is a 'Median'?
This refers to the likelihood of an event occurring. it can be expressed as a number (0.05) or a percentage (5%).
What is probability?
This means that there is no relationship between the co-variables in a correlation study.
What is 'Zero correlation'?
This type of external validity refers to the extent to which the findings can be generalised to a real-life setting.
What is ecological validity?
This is a false positive. It is where you accept the alternative hypothesis when in reality it is false.
What is a type I error?
This type of data is measured in fixed units with equal distance between points on the scale.
What is interval data?
This is information that someone else has collected e.g. the work of other psychologists that has been published in journals or government statistics.
What is secondary data?
This is a simple way of assessing whether or not something measures what it claims to measure, which is concerned with its face value.
What is face validity?
This is a measure of dispersion. it is the distance between the lowest and the highest value in a set of scores.
What is a range?
This is a parametric test of correlation that allows a psychologist to determine significance. It is used in correlational research where the data meets the requirements for a parametric test (Interval data, normal distribution, the variables of the two samples is not significantly different).
What is a Pearson's R test?
This is a sampling technique that uses a predetermined system to select the participants from a target group. For example, every 4th person in a list could be used in the sample.
What is systematic sampling?
This is a feature of science. The researcher should remain value-free and unbiased when conducting their investigation.
What is objectivity?
These are descriptive statistics that depict the overall 'central' trend of a set of data. There are three key measures: mean, median and mode.
What is 'Measures of central tendency'?
This is a non-parametric statistical test of difference that allows the researcher to determine the significance of their investigation. it is used when studies that have used repeated measures design, where data collected is nominal.
What is a sign test?
This is a measure of dispersion that shows the spread of scores around the mean. The greater the ____ ________ the greater the spread of scores around the mean.
What is standard deviation?
What is test-retest?
This table provides information to help psychologists make decisions in relation to the significance of their results. The table contains 'values' that are used when assessing significance.
What is a statistical table / critical values table?
A numerical value which researchers use to determine whether or not their calculated (observed) value from a statistical test is significant.
What is a critical value?
An arrangement of data that is symmetrical and forms a bell-shaped pattern where the mean, median, and/or mode falls in the centre at the highest peak.
What is a normal distribution?