________ is manipulated by researchers and changes are thought to result in a change in the ________ variable.
What is Independent and Dependent variables
100
A person will volunteer of their own free will or design; done by choice; not forced or compelled
What is voluntary participation
100
The extent to which the procedures we use to make our categorizations or measurement of the empirical world produce the same results upon repeated application of those same procedures to the same objects or events.
What is reliability
100
The researcher who observes his subjects without their knowledge and without physically participating in their activities
What is complete observer
100
One who identifies themselves as an observer, states their purpose, and physically participates in the activities of the observed
What is participant-as-observer
200
How is a sampling frame used?
sampling frame is a specific list of names (or other identifying codes) of the cases to be sampled
200
research that derives its data by means of direct observation or experiment
What is Empirical research
200
The degree to which the three criteria for causal inference have been satisfied in a particular research design
What is internal validity
200
Agency records, published stats, and secondary data
What is unobtrusive data
200
Is the square root of the average of the squared deviations from the mean.
What is standard deviation
300
Is the extent to which the derivation of a concept or measuring device is logically coherent and logically related to other concepts or measures in the same realm of inquiry
What is construct validity
300
How many types of probability sampling are there? Name them.
consists of conceptualization, a choice of the research method, operationalization, populations/sampling, observations, data processing, analysis, application, and review.
What is The research process
300
Is the applicability of research results to persons or event other than those actually included in the study; generalizability of research findings
What is external validity
300
________ moves from particular conclusions to general conclusions. While ________ moves from general conclusions to particular conclusions.
What is the difference between Exhaustive and Mutually exclusive categories?
Exhaustive categories: include all possible answers to a question.
Mutually Exclusive categories: only have one response appropriate for the respondent.
400
How is population important in a survey?
The higher the population or population density the more accurate results may be collected. The amount of information collected may be higher as well, giving the researcher a more accurate finding.
400
What is the difference between Open and Closed ended questions?
Closed ended questions: are answered specifically, yes, no, 187, etc.
Open ended questions which allow the responder to give a more personalized answer.
400
How many types of Non-probability sampling are there? Name them.
4. Purposive or judgmental, quota, convenience, and snowball
500
What is the difference between Cross sectional and Longitudinal Studies?
Cross sectional studies: compare different groups of people at one particular point in time.
Longitudinal studies: study the same people at different times through their life or through a particular event.
500
DAILY DOUBLE
Name the steps to the research process?
hint: there are 9
conceptualization, choice of research method, operationalization, population and sampling, observations, data processing, analysis, application, and review
500
What is the difference between a Hypothesis and a Research question?
Hypothesis: a statement about what effects an action may produce, usually in the relationship of x and y.
Research Question: The question which researchers are aiming to answer.
500
What are the three criteria for establishing causality?
Concomitant variation, appropriate sequence in time, eliminate from consideration as possible causes all other conditions
500
What is the difference between Quantitative and Qualitative research?
Qualitative researchers aim to gather an in-depth understanding of human behavior and the reasons that govern such behavior
Quantitative research is to develop and employ mathematical models, theories and/or hypotheses pertaining to natural phenomena