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Scientific Method
Case Study & Surveys
Experimentation
Ethical
100
The perception that psychological theories and observations are merely common sense
What is hindsight bias
100
Operational definitions are most likely to facilitate: 1. hindsight bias 2. replication 3. the placebo effect
What is replication
100
those who rely on the case-study method need to be especially alert to the dangers of: 1. replication 2. random assignment 3. false generalization
What is false generalization
100
A research method in which an investigator observes the potential effects of an independent variable is called
What is an experiment?
100
Psychologists occasionally deceive research participants about the true purpose of an experiment in order to prevent them from: 1. deciding that they really don't want to take part in the experiment 2. trying to confirm the experimenters' prediction
What is trying to confirm the experimenters' prediction
200
If psychologists were to find that we are especially attracted to people whose traits are different from our own, this discovery would likely seem obvious and unsurprising to college students because: 1. students, exaggerate their ability to have foreseen the outcome of past discoveries or 2. the findings is consistent with common sense
What is students, exaggerate their ability to have foreseen the outcome of past discoveries
200
Repeating an earlier research study
What is replication
200
The complete set of cases from which samples may be drawn is called a(n): 1. control condition 2. population 3. survey
What is population?
200
In a drug treatment study, participants given a pill containing no actual drug are receiving a
What is a placebo?
200
Animal researchers are more likely to support regulations protecting the well-being of _________ than the well-being of than the well-being of _______________. 1. birds; dogs 2. cats; mice 3. snakes, rats
What is cats; mice
300
Dr. Henry wants to reduce his students' perception that psychological experiments merely document the obvious. His best strategy would be to ask the students to: 1. develop their own theories or 2. conduct their own experiemnts
What is conduct their own experiemnts
300
Hypotheses are best described as: 1. assumptions 2. explanations 3. predictions
What is predictions?
300
In order to gain further understanding of how brain malfunctions influence behavior, Dr. Smith extensively and carefully observed and questioned two stroke victims. What research method did Dr. Smith employ?
What is case study
300
In order to minimize the extent to which placebo effects contribute to outcome differences between experimental and control conditions in a drug-treatment study, researchers are likely to make use of
What is the double-blind procedure.
300
Ethical principles developed by the American Psychological Association and the British Psychological Society urge psychological investigators to 1. ensure that research participants give informed consent to participating in the research 2. avoid the use of monetary incentives in recruiting people to participate in research
What is ensure that research participants give informed consent to participating in the research
400
Thinking that she had outperformed most of her classmates, Glenda was surprised to receive just an average grade on her psychology test. Glenda's experiece best illustrates: 1. overconfidence or 2. hindsight bias
What is overconfidence
400
A specification of how a researcher manipulates an independent variable is know as a(n)
What is operational definition
400
Mrs. Shaw concludes that boys do not read as well as girls because the vast majority of students in her remedial reading classes are boys. Mrs. Shaw's conclusion best illustrates the danger of: 1. generalizing from select cases 2. confusing correlation with causation 3. random sampling
What is generalizing from select cases?
400
Correlation is to ___________ as experimentation is to ______________: 1. cause; effect 2. prediction; explanation 3. random assignment; random sampling
What is prediction; explanation
400
Psychologists study animals because: 1. they want to understand how different species think and behave 2. its more acceptable to conduct certain types of research with animals than with humans 3. both 4. neither
What is both
500
As scientists, psychologists adopt an attitude of skepticism because they believe that: 1. people are unlikely to reveal what they are really thinking 2. claims about human behavior need to be supported with evidence, or 3. events never occur randomly
What is claims about human behavior need to be supported with evidence,
500
According to Professor Looper, his experimental research demonstrates that eating an apple every day improves children's reading skills. How might he best offer further support for the reliability of this findings
What is replication
500
According to Shere Hit's highly publicized research, 70% of women married five or more years reported having extramarital affairs. Her survey results were misleading because she failed to use a technique known as: 1. replication, 2. naturalistic observation 3. random sampling
What is random sampling
500
Random sampling is to ___________ as random assignment is to ____________. 1. correlational studies; case studies 2. surveys; experiments 3. illusory correlation; false consensus
What is surveys; experiments
500
The most accurate indicator of public attitudes toward capital punishment in the U. S. is provided by
What is public opinion survey findings