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Data types
Data analysis
Study Design
Results
Journal Article
100
Nominal. Nominal data are used for labeling variables, without any quantitative value. “Nominal” scales could simply be called “labels.”
What is type of data is the gender of your subject?
100
paired t-test
What is the type of test used to determine statistical significance to compare means when you have two DASH scores (one at the beginning of the treatment and one at the end of the treatment)
100
Randomized Controlled Trial
What is the name of a study in which the subjects were randomized into groups to test the effect of an intervention?
100
Statistical Significance
What is the result that is not likely to occur randomly, but rather is likely to be attributable to a specific cause?
100
Abstract
What is provides a complete overview of what the research is about, what it did, how it did it, what it found and what those results mean.
200
Ordinal With ordinal scales, it is the order of the values is what’s important and significant, but the differences between each one is not really known. Take a look at the example below. In each case, we know that a #4 is better than a #3 or #2, but we don’t know–and cannot quantify–how much better it is. For example, is the difference between “OK” and “Unhappy” the same as the difference between “Very Happy” and “Happy?
What type of data is generated when using a Likert scale
200
ANOVA
What type of test would you use to determine scores between 2 groups gathered at 2 different time points? (example ROM of the shoulder taken before the study and after application of heat one group or US the other group)
200
Cohort Study
What is the name of a study that looks at one group of people?
200
Confidence Interval Outside the outbreak zone/hemoglobin 8.8-4.4=4.4
http://www.turkishjournalpediatrics.org/pediatrics/images/table_TJP_1198_2.jpg What is represented by the numbers in the parentheses after the mean? Which is the most narrow?
200
Priori power calculation
What does a researcher need to do to determine the number of subjects needed in their study to demonstrate statistical significance of the results?
300
Interval scales are numeric scales in which we know not only the order, but also the exact differences between the values. The classic example of an interval scale is Celsius temperature because the difference between each value is the same. For example, the difference between 60 and 50 degrees is a measurable 10 degrees, as is the difference between 80 and 70 degrees. Time is another good example of an interval scale in which the increments are known, consistent, and measurable
What is type of data is generated when using a thermometer?
300
Correlational Coefficient
What do you call the "thing" that quantifies the relationship between two factors.
300
Quasi-experimental
What is the name of a study that includes 2 groups, but no randomization of subjects occurred?
300
1st, 3rd, 4th
Which results are statistically significant? http://jortho.org/2007/4/4/e28/index_files/image004.jpg
300
Clinical Significance Although a result may be statistically significant, the effect size (ie, magnitude of the effect) may not be biologically or clinically important.
What is more important? Statistical significance or clinical significance and why?
400
Ratio scales are the ultimate nirvana when it comes to measurement scales because they tell us about the order, they tell us the exact value between units, AND they also have an absolute zero–which allows for a wide range of both descriptive and inferential statistics to be applied. At the risk of repeating myself, everything above about interval data applies to ratio scales + ratio scales have a clear definition of zero. Good examples of ratio variables include height and weight
What is data is generated when using a goniometer?
400
70. A strong uphill (positive) linear relationship
What is the strength of the relationship? https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Spearman_fig1.svg/300px-Spearman_fig1.svg.png
400
Model 1 Beta Column
http://ibimapublishing.com/journals/JOKM/2011/955926/955926%20fo%20prep/image013.png Which model demonstrates the highest relationship? What column are you looking at?
400
1.Sample size—with larger sample sizes, statistical significance is more likely to be seen. 2.Variability in patient response or characteristics, either by chance or by nonrandom factors. The smaller the variability, the easier to demonstrate statistical significance. 3.Effect size or the magnitude of the observed effect between groups. The greater the size of the effect, the easier to demonstrate statistical significance.
Name 2 of the 3 factors that can influence statistical significance.
500
The best way to determine central tendency on a set of ordinal data is to use the mode or median; the mean cannot be defined from an ordinal set.
What is the best way to determine central tendency on a set of ordinal data?
500
Regression analysis is used to understand which among the independent variables are related to the dependent variable, and to explore the forms of these relationships. In restricted circumstances, regression analysis can be used to infer causal relationships between the independent and dependent variables
What is analysis used to understand how the independent variable are related to the dependent variable?
500
Diagnostic Accuracy study
What is the name of a study that determines the accuracy of a test like the Phalen's test for carpal tunnel?
500
Forest plot Hartman 2003
What is this called? http://www.nature.com/ajg/journal/v100/n11/images/ajg2005436f2b.gif What study demonstrated the highest effect size?
500
Discussion Section
What section provides a forum for a holistic discussion of the meaning and implications of the research. It also details the implications of the research and make recommendations about further research or policy and practice in the relevant area