Textbook Questions
Why do scientists use Case Studies?
To examine one individual or group in-depth to reveal true findings
How does a theory explain behaviors?
Offering ideas that organize what we have observed
What are the three measures of central tendency?
Mean, Median, and Mode
What is the false consensus effect?
Believing correctly that most people hold the same opinion we do. I.E. applying horoscopes to everyone born in the same month.
What is that gut feeling knowing that something is wrong or right?
Intuition
(Fill in the blank) Naturalistic observation doesn’t explain behavior it _____
Describes it
Name and explain the two main groups in an experiment.
Experimental (people receiving treatment) and Control (not receive treatment)
What is Standard Deviation?
The variation of scores around the mean.
What is confirmation bias?
The tendency to seek in to support what we already think while ignoring information that could potentially go against what we think.
Why do people tend to think that they know more than they actually do?
Overconfidence
Which ethical principle requires that at the end of the study participants were told about the true purpose of the research?
Debriefing
What happens in a study using a double-blind procedure?
Neither the participants or research assistants collecting data know which group is getting treatment
What are Inferential Statistics?
They allow you to make an inference based on data. For example, taking information from a population and generalizing it.
What are Independent/Dependent Variables?
Independent: thing that the researcher manipulates (cause), Dependant: the thing affected by the independent
What is the Barnum effect?
Taking super general information and applying it to ourselves.
What is the measure of variation? (Ex: range median, mode, etc.)
Range
To minimize differences between the two groups what method do researchers use?
Random Assignment
What is more accurate to use in a skewed distribution?
Median is better than mean.
What is an Illusory Correlation?
A perceived, but nonexistent correlation
After receiving a bad score on a test, you say that you knew you had the wrong answer on many of the questions. This is an example of __.
Hindsight Bias
What does correlation indicate?
The possibility of a cause-effect relationship. A positive correlation is directly proportional and Negative correlation is inversely proportional.
What is the key goal of experimental design
Validity- the extent to which a test or experiment measures or predicts what it is supposed to.
What are the three percentages to remember about the Bell Curve?
68.27%
95.45%
99.73%
What is a placebo?
A placebo is an experimental result based only on experiments alone. There is no actual drug in the pill or whatever is prescribed -- it is based solely on what the patient is told and believes.
What does a correlation coefficient do?
It describes the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables. Scatterplots show this.