General Knowledge
What is the difference between a sample and a population?
A population includes all members of the group in question. A sample is a smaller subgroup/part of the population.
This committee at a university or organization determines whether research is ethical and allowable.
The Institutional Review Board (IRB)
The four types of data categorization
Nominal/Categorical, Ordinal, Interval and Ratio
Name 2 approaches to qualitative research.
Grounded theory, ethnography, narrative, case study, historical, phenomenology, participatory action research.
Name a place/website where you can find, look up and read academic articles.
What is:
•Google Scholar
•ResearchGate
•Library website
•Email the author
•Other good answers?
Name the three common approaches (or types) of conducting research.
Quantitative
Qualitative
Mixed Methods
National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research was founded on three main ethical principles. What are they?
Respect for persons
Beneficence - do no harm
Justice
A variable affected by a change and measured in a study
Dependent Variable
Name a type of data collection method in qualitative research.
Interviews, focus groups, observation, field notes,
What is a literature review?
Relatively complete
but succinct summary of research literature
on the topic.
Conceptual, theoretical, and empirical literature should be included where relevant.
Most research falls into one of four different categories. Name those four categories.
Descriptive, exploratory, explanatory, evaluative
When individuals understand and agree to participate in research, we say that we've obtained what?
Informed Consent
What makes something an “experimental” study?
When there is a test group, a control group, and an intervention being studied
The most commonly used analytic procedure in qualitative analysis.
coding
Why do we conduct a literature review?
Avoid reinventing the wheel; avoid the mistakes of others; Literature review gives you a prime source for selecting a research question to begin with; You can make decisions about duplicating a previous study, duplicating a study with different methodology, or departing radically from previous work; You can identify valid measurement instruments, alternative conceptions of the problem, and variables
What are the two concepts used to evaluate the quality of research?
*Reliability (repeatability) and validity (accuracy)
Why might a researcher obtain a certificate of confidentiality?
To protect the privacy of research subjects by prohibiting disclosure of identifiable, sensitive research information to anyone not connected to the research except when the subject consents or in a few other specific situations.
Name two benefits of quantitative research?
Some answers:
Generally speaking, it’s more generalizable
Can help detect trends
Can show nuances between demographic groups
More easily be visualized
More!
Name two benefits of qualitative research
More depth of answers
Respondents have more voice
Can be more flexible
Can be more affordable
And more!
Why is it helpful to use theory in research?
Gives us a framework
Suggests questions that have been “proven” to be relevant
Builds on prior knowledge
Helps us select relevant data
Helps us interpret data
Helps propose explanations of underlying causes or influences of observed phenomena
More!
What three components are involved in the process of evidence-based practice?
Clinical expertise
Research evidence
Client values
Name a vulnerable population and how to protect them in research.
Ppl who are incarcerated – talk about coercion
Children – parental consent, speak at age level
People who are undocumented – consider anonymity instead of just confidentiality
What is the meaning of the p-value in the results of a statistical significance test?
the probability of obtaining results at least as extreme as the observed results of a statistical hypothesis test
*helps determine the likelihood that the results are by chance
Establishing trustworthiness in qualitative research involves what (name at least 2)?
prolonged engagement, persistent observation, triangulation, member checking, peer debriefing and support, audit trail, negative case analysis.
This part of a paper should be written last and read first
Abstract