Sampling
Techniques used to collect data from a subset of the entire population.
What is sampling?
Refers to the accuracy of definitions and research methods
What is validity?
When the collection of data occurs over time and specific points in time
What is longitudinal design?
Refers to methods where the researcher observes and records participants' behavior without influencing or manipulating it
What is observational research?
Research that seeks to explore the relationship between two or more variables
What is correlational research?
Researcher randomly selects a subset of participants from a population
What is random sampling?
Refers to whether the DVs were truly influenced by the experimental IVs or whether other factors had an impact
What is internal validity?
Looks at data or observations from a given point in time
What is cross sectional design?
Data collection occurs in the existing context with no manipulation of the environment
What is naturalistic observation?
When X goes up, Y goes up or when X goes down, Y goes down.
What is a positive correlation?
When more than one variable has the potential to confound the outcome of the study
What is stratified random sampling?
Refers to whether or not the experimental results can be generalized to larger populations
What is external validity?
type of cross-sectional design that compares data collected from two or more samples at a particular point in time
What is parallel samples design?
When the researcher joins and participates in the group under study.
What is participant-observer research?
When X goes up, Y goes down.
What is a negative correlation?
Participants are randomly assigned to the control group or the experimental group
What is random assignment?
Refers to the extent to which the methods of data collection and the analysis and interpretation of the results are consistent within a study
What is internal reliability?
A combination of both longitudinal and cross-sectional approaches
What is sequential design?
Ensures validity when participants are in their natural setting.
What is naturalistic observation?
Used to determine the extent to which two or more predictor variables predict the dependent variable
What is multiple regression?
Where every “nth” person is chosen (e.g. 11th, 9th)
What is systematic sampling?
The extent to which independent researchers using the same methods can obtain the same or similar results.
What is external reliability?
Models used when a random sample from a specific population is studied at specific points over time
What are panel models?
Knowledge of being observed sometimes leads participants to behave differently than when in natural settings
What is the Hawthorne Effect?
Allows researchers to make predictions on the level of the dependent variable, based on measures of the independent variable
What is linear regression?