History
What are reserves used for?
Housing, hunting, fishing, and community services/government.
Has the number of studies examining co-occurring mental health and substance use in indigenous peoples increased or decreased over time?
Increased
What was the first on-reserve methadone maintenance therapy program?
Cree Nations Treatment Haven
What is the percentage of overcrowded housing for First Nations On-Reserve?
21.4% (2021)
What is the percentage of individuals impacted with asthma On-Reserve compared to the general population
14.3% compared to 7.8%
What is a reserve?
An area of land, ranging in size, that is owned by the Canadian government but is specifically reserved for the use and benefit of a band. The land was permitted for indigenous use via the Indian Act and different treaty agreements.
Name one thing co-occurrence is associated with?
Greater severity of mental health symptoms, higher quantity of substance use, increased disability or impairment, poorer social functioning, and increased risk of suicide.
Poverty from addiction can lead to?
Loss of cultural identity (land, practices, cultural knowledge)
What percentage of children risk facing negligence from their family (parents) On-Reserve?
61%
Why do reserve residents rely on bottled water for drinking?
To avoid illness from drinking tap water
What was the original purpose of reserves and when did they begin?
Reserve like practices first date back to 1637 when Catholic missionaries would set apart land for the local Indigenous groups with the hope that they could convert them to Catholicism.
What percentage of residents on reserves have made a suicidal attempt?
12.2%
What can opioid use result in?
High rates of mortality and morbidity
What is the primary reason for migrating out of reserve communities?
Education
What is a restriction to building more housing on reserves?
Reserves have limited land available for housing and some land is unsuitable for building.
What happened after confederation regarding First Nations? (1867)
The dominion of Canada desired to expand their control. So, from 1871 to 1921 signed 11 treaties with different First Nations
What percentage of residents on reserves had suicidal thoughts?
22%
Why are Indigenous individuals less likely to initiate methadone maintenance therapy?
Due to financial, geographical and cultural factors
What implications result from On-Reserve poverty in childhood?
Disconnection from the land, culture and identity, while being linked to continued poverty in adulthood
What is the severe and moderate percentages of food insecurity on-reserve?
13.1% severe and 37.7% moderate
What was the original intention of the Indian Act?
What were some results of the Cree Nations Treatment Haven?
Greater engagement, life quality, psychological functioning, physical health, better relationships with family and friends, more motivation, less psychological distress, less criminology, less alcohol problems
Methadone treatment is the most effective treatment for?
Opioid dependence
What is problematic about the design of houses on reserves?
They do not reflect Indigenous beliefs, values or spirituality because it is often designed for small nuclear families, while many Indigenous households include extended and multi-generational family members.
impacts their cognitive development, emotional wellbeing, and academic performance, leading to lower educational outcomes.