Basics
A child sounds “stuffy” and nasal consonants are hard to hear. Which resonance disorder is likely?
What is hyponasality?
Blocked nasal airflow reduces nasal resonance. Nasal sounds are blocked, making them sound like oral sounds.
Which type of therapy uses mirrors or Nasometer to reduce nasal airflow?
What is mirror or Nasometer biofeedback therapy?
Visual feedback reduces nasal airflow.
Which tool detects nasal air escape during oral sounds?
What is a nasal mirror?
Detects nasal air escape during oral sounds.
Too much air escapes through the nose during oral sounds. What is this disorder called?
What is hypernasality?
Velopharyngeal closure is incomplete and air escapes through the nose.
True or False: Teaching a child to feel vibration in the nose when producing /m/ can help with hyponasality.
True
Nasal/glide stimulation increases awareness of correct nasal airflow.
True or False? Mirror fogging under the nose can be used to detect hyponasality.
False
Mirror fogging detects hypernasality, not hyponasality.
True or False: Hypernasality only occurs on nasal sounds like /m/ and /n/.
False
Hypernasality affects oral sounds, not just nasal sounds.
Name one simple articulation exercise for hyponasality.
Nasal/glide stimulation
Practicing /m/, /n/, “ing” to improve nasal airflow.
Counting high-pressure consonants is used to assess which velopharyngeal function?
What is velopharyngeal closure
High-pressure consonants require proper closure
True or false? Both hypernasality and hyponasality can sometimes be influenced by structural issues in the nasal cavity or velopharyngeal mechanism.
True
Structural issues like enlarged adenoids, deviated septum, or cleft palate can affect resonance.
Name one simple articulation exercise for hypernasality.
High-pressure consonant practice
/p/, /t/, /k/, /s/ drills improve velopharyngeal closure.
Why are low-pressure consonants not as effective for detecting velopharyngeal dysfunction?
Low-pressure consonants (vowels, glides) require less closure and may not reveal dysfunction.